https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_other/rmrs_1999_neary_d001.pdf

Fire effects on belowground sustainability: a review and synthesis

This state-of-knowledge review about the effects of fire on soils and water can assist land and fire managers with information on the physical, chemical, and biological effects of fire needed to successfully conduct ecosystem management, and effectively inform others about the role and impacts of wildland fire. Chapter topics include the soil resource, soil physical properties and fire, soil chemistry effects, soil biology responses, the hydrologic cycle and water resources, water quality, aquatic biology, fire effects on wetland and riparian systems, fire effects models, and watershed rehabilitation.

https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_gtr042_4.pdf

Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on soils and water

▪ Abstract Fire and insects are natural disturbance agents in many forest ecosystems, often interacting to affect succession, nutrient cycling, and forest species composition. We review literature pertaining to effects of fire-insect interactions on ecological succession, use of prescribed fire for insect pest control, and effects of fire on insect diversity from northern and boreal forests in North America. Fire suppression policies implemented in the early 1900s have resulted in profound changes in forest species composition and structure. Associated with these changes was an increased vulnerability of forest stands to damage during outbreaks of defoliating insects. Information about the roles that both fire and insects play in many northern forests is needed to increase our understanding of the ecology of these systems and to develop sound management policies.

/pdf/fire-and-insects-in-northern-and-boreal-forest-ecosystems-of-1vwx340mv8.pdf

Fire and insects in northern and boreal forest ecosystems of North America.

:During the two breeding seasons immediately following the numerous and widespread fires of 1988, I estimated bird community composition in each of 34 burned-forest sites in western Montana and northern Wyoming. I detected an average of 45 species per site and a total of 87 species in the sites combined. A comppilation of these data with bird-count data from more than 200 additional studies conducted across 15 major vegetation cover types in the northern Rocky Mountain region showed that 15 bird species are generally more abundant in early post-fire communities than in any other major cover type occurring in the northern Rockies. One bird species (Black-backed Woodpecker, Picoides arcticus) seems to be nearly restricted in its habitat distribution to standing dead forests created by stand-replacement fires. Bird communities in recently burned forests are different in composition from those that characterize other Rocky Mountain cover types (including early-successional clearcuts) primarily because members of three feeding guilds are especially abundant therein: woodpeckers, flycatchers, and seedeaters. Standing, fire-killed trees provided nest sites for nearly two-thirds of 31 species that were found nesting in the burned sites. Broken-top snags and standing dead aspens were used as nest sites for cavity-nesting species significantly more often than expected on the basis of their relative abundance. Moreover, because nearly all of the broken-top snags that were used were present before the fire, forest conditions prior to a fire (especially the presence of snags) may be important in determining the suitability of a site to cavity-nesting birds after a fire. For bird species that were relatively abundant in or relatively restricted to burned forests, stand-replacement fires may be necessary for long-term maintenance of their populations. Unfortunately, the current fire policy of public land-management agencies does not encourage maintenance of stand-replacement fire regimes, which may be necessary for the creation of conditions needed by the most fire-dependent bird species. In addition, salvage cutting may reduce the suitability of burned-forest habitat for birds by removing the most important element—standing, fire-killed trees–needed for feeding, nesting, or both by the majority of bird species that used burned forests.



Composicion de las comunidades de aves luego del reemplazo de rodales a cause de incendios forestales en bosques de coniferas de las montanas Rocosas del norte



Resumen: Durante las dos ultimas temporadas de cria immediatamente despues de los numerosos y extensos incendios de 1988, estime la composicion de la comunidad de aves en cada uno de los sitios de bosques incendiados, en el oeste de Montana y el norte de Wyoming. Detecte un promedio de 45 especies por sitio y un total de 87 especies en todos los sitios combinados. Una recopilacion de estos datos con otros de conteo de aves a partir de mas de 200 sitios adicionales, conducido a lo largo de 15 tipos principales de cobertura de vegetacion en las montanas Rocosas del norte mostro que 15 especies de aves eran en general mas abundantes en las comunidades tempranas posteriores al incendio, que en cualquier otro tipo principal de cobertura presente en las Rocosas del norte. Una especie de ave (el pajaro carpintero de espalda negra, Picoides arcticus) parece estar restringida en su distribucion a los arboles muertos en pie, que quedan a causa del reemplazo de rodales a partir de los incendios. Las comunidades de aves en los bosques recientemente incendiados, son diferentes en composicion de aquellos que caracterizan otros tipos de cobertura de las montanas Rocosas (incluyendo la tala durante la sucesion temprana) principalmente porque los miembros de tres gremios alimenticios son especialmente abundantes en ellos: los pajaros carpinteros que se alimentan de las abundantes larvas de los escarabajos, los insectivoros y los comedores de semillas. Los arboles muertos en pie que quedaron despues de los incendios proveen de sitios para el anidamiento de casi dos tercios de las 31 especies que se encontraron anidando en sitios incendiados. Las cavidades abiertas en los troncos a cusa de la rotura de ramas y los alamos muertos que quedaron en pie, fueron usados como sitios para anidamiento por especies que anidan en cavidades mas frecuentemente que lo esperado en funcion de su frecuencia relativa. Mas aun, dado que la casi totalidad de las cavidades de los troncos que fueron utilizadas estaban presentes antes del incendio, las condiciones anteriores al incendio (especialmente la presencia de tocones) podrian ser importantes en la determinacion de la adaptabilidad de un sitio despues de un incendio para las aves que anidan en cavidades. Para las especies que fueron relativamente abundantes o estuvieron relativamente restrictas a los bosques incendiados, el reemplazo de rodales a partir de incendios podria ser necesario para el mantenimiento a largo plazo de sus poblaciones. Desafortunadamente, la presente estrategia sobre incendios a cargo de las agencias de manejo de las tierras publicas no promueve el mantenimiento de los regimenes de incendios para el reemplazo de rodales, los que serian necesarios para la creacion de las condiciones requeridas por la mayoria de las especies que dependen de los incendios. En forma adicional, una tala de recuperacion podria reducir la adaptabilidad de los habitats de bosques incendiados para las aves al remover los elementos mas importantes, arboles muertos en pie a causa de los incendios, necesarios para la alimentacion y/o el anidamiento de la mayoria de las especies de aves que hacen uso de los bosques incendiados.

/pdf/composition-of-bird-communities-following-stand-replacement-2774qpbx48.pdf

Composition of bird communities following stand-replacement fires in northern Rocky Mountain (U.S.A.) conifer forests

Keane, Robert E.; Ryan, Kevin C.; Veblen, Tom T.; Allen, Craig D.; Logan, Jessie; Hawkes, Brad. 2002. Cascading effects of fire exclusion in the Rocky Mountain ecosystems: a literature review. General Technical Report. RMRSGTR-91. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 24 p. The health of many Rocky Mountain ecosystems is in decline because of the policy of excluding fire in the management of these ecosystems. Fire exclusion has actually made it more difficult to fight fires, and this poses greater risks to the people who fight fires and for those who live in and around Rocky Mountain forests and rangelands. This paper discusses the extent of fire exclusion in the Rocky Mountains, then details the diverse and cascading effects of suppressing fires in the Rocky Mountain landscape by spatial scale, ecosystem characteristic, and vegetation type. Also discussed are the varied effects of fire exclusion on some important, keystone ecosystems and human concerns.

/pdf/cascading-effects-of-fire-exclusion-in-rocky-mountain-4tnvgq55iq.pdf

Cascading effects of fire exclusion in Rocky Mountain ecosystems: a literature review

Effects of Fire on Fauna

Effects of Fire on Fauna: A State-Of-Knowledge Review

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Effects of Fire on Fauna

Effects of Fire on Fauna: A State-Of-Knowledge Review