Chip-scale metaphotonic singularities: topological, dynamical, and practical aspects

We report a unique method for optical sorting within mixed microparticle suspensions without any external fluidic flow, using the J0 Bessel beam generated by cross-phase modulation. The experimental results demonstrate that trapped particles of different sizes and refractive index can be successfully separated, which is attributed to the unique spatially periodic optical fields of the J0 Bessel beam. In addition, we have performed the theoretical simulation of the optical force and potential experienced by trapped particles within the J0 Bessel beam optical field, which can explain the experimental results well. We further sort yeast cells from mixtures of polystyrene particles and hollow spheres respectively, which validates the great potential of our method in medical and biological research.

Static optical sorting of microparticles using the J0 Bessel beam generated by cross-phase modulation

In this paper, we present an approach called the free lens modulation (FLM) method to generate high-perfection 3D generalized perfect optical vortices (GPOVs) with topological charges of 1–80. In addition, 2D and 3D GPOVs were produced by altering the parameters of the freely shaped lenses. To verify the quality of the GPOVs produced with the FLM method, we conducted optical trapping experiments and realized linear control of the rotation rate of the trapped particle. Due to the great advantages of high perfection and high power usage in generating arbitrarily shaped GPOVs, the FLM method is expected to be applied in optical manipulation, optical communications, and other fields. 

Generalized perfect optical vortices with free lens modulation

Customized optical fields enable efficient sorting of multiple particles

Generation of vector anomalous vortex beams

Low-refractive-index particles play significant roles in physics, drug delivery, biomedical science, and other fields. However, they have not attained sufficient utilization in active manipulation due to the repulsive effect of light. In this work, the establishment of customized dark traps is demonstrated to fulfill the demands of versatile manipulation of low-refractive-index particles. The customized dark traps are generated by assembling generalized perfect optical vortices based on the free lens modulation method, by which the beams’ shape, intensity, and position can be elaborately designed with size independent of topological charge. Using the customized dark traps with high quality and high efficiency, rotation along arbitrary trajectories with controllable speed, parallel manipulation, and sorting of low-refractive-index particles by size can be realized. With unprecedented flexibility and quality, the customized dark traps provide tremendous potential in optical trapping, lithography, and biomedicine. 

Manipulation of Low-refractive-index Particles Using Customized Dark Traps

Holographic optical tweezers (HOTs) use spatial light modulators (SLM) to modulate light beams, thereby enabling the dynamic control of optical trap arrays with complex intensity and phase distributions. This has provided exciting new opportunities for cell sorting, microstructure machining, and studying single molecules. However, the pixelated structure of the SLM will inevitably bring up the unmodulated zero-order diffraction possessing an unacceptably large fraction of the incident light beam power. This is harmful to optical trapping because of the bright, highly localized nature of the errant beam. In this paper and to address this issue, we construct a cost-effective, zero-order free HOTs apparatus, thanks to a homemade asymmetric triangle reflector and a digital lens. As there is no zero-order diffraction, the instrument performs excellently in generating complex light fields and manipulating particles.

Zero-order free holographic optical tweezers.

Three-dimensional polymorphic beams (3D PBs) with arbitrary 3D curves have drawn increasing attention. In this paper, we introduce the concept of phase gradient parameter (PGP) to describe the accumulation of phase along the curvilinear trajectory of a PB. To determine the magnitude and sign of the integral and fractional PGP of 3D PBs, we present an effective method called slightly defocused interference (SDI). The idea is based on the coaxial interference of two polymorphic beams of the same shape but various PGP. One of the interfered beams is slightly defocused, enabling the identification of the sign of the PGP. The efficiency of the reported method has been demonstrated with numerical simulations and experimental measurements by applying it to determining the PGP of various types of polymorphic beams. The results show high quality, indicating great potential in the applications of beam shaping.

Determining the Phase Gradient Parameter of Three-Dimensional Polymorphic Beams

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Papers

Manipulation of Low-refractive-index Particles Using Customized Dark Traps

Zero-order free holographic optical tweezers.

Determining the Phase Gradient Parameter of Three-Dimensional Polymorphic Beams