Tumors of the Skeletal System

D the past 3 decades, there has been a growing interest in the concept of quality of life (QOL) as it relates to human beings. As survival intervals for human patients with incurable diseases have improved and recognition of the potential undesirable effects of treatment on a patient’s enjoyment of life has increased, a gap has emerged between what can be achieved, from the health provider’s perspective, and what should be achieved, from the patient’s perspective. Traditional measures of patient outcome—survival rate and disease-specific clinical measurements such as hematologic variables—have increasingly been seen as incomplete, and the focus on mortality and morbidity in health care has been steadily superseded by broader considerations of QOL. A focus on QOL ensures that the patient’s perspective is placed at the forefront of decisions involving health care. Quality of life considerations are central to virtually every aspect of the welfare and humane care of animals, particularly health care. Assessments of which treatment to use, or whether to treat at all, and of treatment efficacy all involve QOL considerations. The present report was designed to present the justification, relevance, necessity, and validity of QOL assessment in animals; review the use of QOL assessments in veterinary and pediatric human medicine; propose a definition and model for the concept of QOL in animals; and suggest guidelines for clinical application of QOL assessments in veterinary medicine.

Quality of life in animals.

http://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/22953246/AssessmentOfAnimalWelfare.pdf

Assessment of animal welfare in a veterinary context—A call for ethologists

Oncolytic virotherapy has been investigated for several decades and is emerging as a plausible biological therapy with several ongoing clinical trials and two viruses are now approved for cancer treatment in humans. The direct cytotoxicity and immune-stimulatory effects make oncolytic viruses an interesting strategy for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the results of in vitro and in vivo published studies of oncolytic viruses in different phases of evaluation in dogs, using PubMed and Google scholar as search platforms, without time restrictions (to date). Natural and genetically modified oncolytic viruses were evaluated with some encouraging results. The most studied viruses to date are the reovirus, myxoma virus, and vaccinia, tested mostly in solid tumors such as osteosarcomas, mammary gland tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and mastocytomas. Although the results are promising, there are issues that need addressing such as ensuring tumor specificity, developing optimal dosing, circumventing preexisting antibodies from previous exposure or the development of antibodies during treatment, and assuring a reasonable safety profile, all of which are required in order to make this approach a successful therapy in dogs.

Oncolytic Viruses for Canine Cancer Treatment.

Canine oral fibrosarcoma (oFSA) is a malignant, infiltrating, mesenchymal tumour affecting the oral cavity primarily of medium to large middle aged dogs. The diagnosis often is made late in the course of the disease, due to the frequent caudal location of the tumour, and histopathology is not always sufficient to discriminate undifferentiated oFSA from other poorly differentiated malignant mesenchymal tumours occurring at the same site, especially in small biopsy samples. The literature exclusively relating to oFSA is limited and outcome data following treatment are difficult to compare. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the literature spanning the last 30 years, specifically with regard to different treatment modalities in their relation to prognosis of canine oFSA. Overall, the survival rate for dogs with oFSA has improved in recent years (overall survival 247-743 days, compared to 30-540days in papers published before 2000), probably due to better surgical planning. The major concern in clinical management of canine oFSA is the high local rate of recurrence (up to 57%), whereas metastasis occurs late in about 10-14% of affected dogs. Wide surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment. Initially, the tumour was considered to be radioresistant, but a combination of surgery and radiotherapy seems to be the most promising treatment modality at present. Despite a histopathological diagnosis of a low-grade tumour, an aggressive treatment approach is always warranted to cure oFSA, but the ability to control local disease still represents the major challenge.

/pdf/canine-oral-fibrosarcoma-changes-in-prognosis-over-the-last-3ns59a6enq.pdf

Canine oral fibrosarcoma: Changes in prognosis over the last 30 years?

Twenty-seven dogs with oral tumors were treated with either rostral mandibulectomy, partial mandibulectomy, or partial maxillectomy. Owner satisfaction with the respective surgical procedure was assessed by telephone survey; 85% of owners were satisfied with the decision to treat their dogs. The percentage of satisfied owners was directly proportional to the increase in pet life span. Although difficulty in eating was noted for 12 (44%) of 27 dogs, pain was perceived to be reduced by the surgery for most animals. All owners found the cosmetic appearances of their dogs acceptable after facial hair regrew. The quality of the pets' lives was perceived by the owners to be most improved after rostral mandibulectomy and least improved after partial maxillectomy.

Owner satisfaction with partial mandibulectomy or maxillectomy for treatment of oral tumors in 27 dogs.

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Owner satisfaction with partial mandibulectomy or maxillectomy for treatment of oral tumors in 27 dogs.