The advancement in the current communication technology makes it incumbent to analyze the conventional features of reflectarray antenna for future adaptability. This paper thoroughly reviews the design and experimental features of reflectarray antenna for its bandwidth improvement in microwave and millimeter wave frequency ranges. The paper surveys the fundamental and advanced topologies of reflectarray design implementations, which are needed particularly for its broadband features. The realization of its design approaches has been studied at unit cell and full reflectarray levels for its bandwidth enhancement. Various design configurations have also been critically analyzed for the compatibility with the high-frequency 5G systems.

A Review of Wideband Reflectarray Antennas for 5G Communication Systems

This letter proposes a novel ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) with dual notched bands using triangular defected ground structures (DGS). Two symmetrical dumbbell-shaped interdigital capacitors are formed to improve the BPF's performance. Three pairs of tapered defected ground structures are studied and adopted to suppress the spurious passband by assigning their transmission zeros towards the out of band signal. A small UWB BPF is obtained by combining these two structures. One of the arms in coupled-line sections is extended and folded to create a notched band at 5.3 GHz, and a meander line slot is developed to create another notched band at 7.8 GHz. Simulated and measured results are in good agreement indicating that the proposed BPF has a passband from 2.8 to 11.0 GHz and a wide stopband bandwidth with 20 dB attenuation up to 30.0 GHz.

Compact UWB Bandpass Filter With Dual Notched Bands Using Defected Ground Structures

In this letter, an ultrawideband (UWB) bandpass filter with a band notch is proposed. The UWB BPF (3.1-10.6 GHz) is realized by cascading a distributed high-pass filter and an elliptic low-pass filter with an embedded stepped impedance resonator (SIR) to achieve a band notch characteristic. The notch band is obtained at 5.22 GHz. It is shown that the notch frequency can be tuned by changing the impedance ratio of the embedded SIR. A fabricated prototype of the proposed UWB bandpass filter is developed. The inband and out-of-band performance obtained by measurement, EM simulation, and that with an equivalent circuit model are in good agreement.

A Compact UWB Bandpass Filter With Embedded SIR as Band Notch Structure

A 3-dB planar wideband power divider with an ultra-wide stopband and isolated frequency band is proposed. In order to extend the passband, the quasi-coupled lines are adopted. Moreover, the open and shorted stubs added at the input and output ports, respectively, can increase the bandwidths of the passband and stopband. Furthermore, in order to broaden the isolated frequency band, the impedance $Z _{\mathrm {iso}}$ with the series connected resister and capacitor on the right side of the middle coupled line is adopted. The detailed derivation is proposed as well. In addition, this power divider is fabricated on the substrate Rogers RO4003C with a compact size of 15.19 mm $\,\times \,11.4$ mm.

A Design of 3-dB Wideband Microstrip Power Divider With an Ultra-Wide Isolated Frequency Band

A novel Gysel power divider based on patch type structure is presented in this paper. The proposed power divider possesses broad bandwidth, small physical occupation and arbitrary power division. More than 30% bandwidth enhancement is achieved based on the i15dB input return loss criteria, while 55% size reduction is realized compared with conventional Gysel power divider. What's more, ∞at dividing is obtained in the design without using additional transmission line sections. Based on the novel structure, a design procedure of power dividers with unequal power division ratios is provided without using narrow microstrip line. To verify the design approach, the proposed power dividers with equal and unequal (2:1 and 4:1) power divisions at the centre frequency 1.5GHz are fabricated and measured. The results demonstrate that the design can fulfll our goals.

/pdf/compact-wideband-gysel-power-divider-with-arbitrary-power-29hyljv0xw.pdf

Compact wideband gysel power divider with arbitrary power division based on patch type structure

This paper presents a compact ultra-wideband (UWB) band-pass filter (BPF) with a sharply rejected notch-band and wide stop-band. The proposed UWB BPF is realized by cascading two interdigital hairpin resonator units, a spiral slot, a semicircle defected ground structure (S-DGS) and a semicircle stepped-impedance shunt stub (S-SISS). The spiral slot is studied and adopted to introduce a notched band. An S-DGS and an S-SISS are cascaded in order to suppress the spurious in stopband. Good insertion/return losses and high out-of-band rejections are achieved as demonstrated in both simulation and experiment.

Compact UWB Bandpass Filter with Narrow Notch-Band and Wide Stop-Band

A compact ultra-wideband (UWB) band-pass filter (BPF) with improved upper-stopband is proposed in this paper. The proposed UWB BPF is composed of two cascaded interdigital hairpin resonator units and two same semicircle defected ground structures (S-DGS). Interdigital hairpin resonator unit with different coupling and S-DGS with different dimensions are theoretically analyzed. The working frequency of the proposed UWB BPF is 3.1–10.6 GHz and upper-stopband with 15 dB attenuation is up to 18 GHz. Finally, measured results are presented, which are in good agreement with the simulation results.

Design of a Compact UWB Bandpass Filter with Defected Ground Structure

This paper presents a compact ultra-wideband (UWB) power divider (PD) with a sharply rejected notch-band. The proposed UWB power divider is based on conventional Wilkinson power divider, while two folded shunt quarter-wavelength short-circuited stubs and one coupled folded stepped impedance resonators (SIRs) with metalized via hole to ground are adding to two symmetrical output ports. The folded SIR is studied and employed to generate desired notched band. Good insertion/return losses, isolation and high notch-band rejection are achieved as demonstrated in both simulation and experiment.

Design of Compact UWB Power Divider with One Narrow Notch-Band

A novel broadband reflectarray element composed of two ellipse-like rings is presented. Compared with those conventional broadband elements, the proposed element can realize a broader bandwidth, which means a more similar behavior for the phase curves at different frequencies. In order to validate the proposed design and evaluate its performance, a prime-focus 69-element reflectarray with this type of element has been designed and fabricated. The highest measured gain is about 20 dB at the center frequency of 11 GHz, and a relative bandwidth of 36.4% (9–13 GHz) is achieved within 2 dB gain variations. All experimental results show that the proposed element is superior in bandwidth performance, which can be widely used in broadband applications.

A Novel Element for Broadband Reflectarray Antennas

Non-Circular MUSIC (NC-MUSIC) algorithm with a conformal cylindrical array is included to analyze high performance 2-D Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation. The actual radiation pattern of each microstrip antenna in the conformal array is introduced to analyze the performance of NC-MUSIC algorithm in practice. The simulations show that NC-MUSIC algorithm has a higher resolution than the standard MUSIC algorithm, and the maximum estimation number of NC-MUSIC algorithm is increased, too. In spite of the influence of antennas, NC-MUSIC algorithm achieves 2-D DOA estimation accurately.

Two-Dimensional NC-Music DOA Estimation Algorithm with a Conformal Cylindrical Antenna Array

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