Prevalence of teen driver errors leading to serious motor vehicle crashes.

Context In the United States, graduated driver licensing (GDL) systems allow full, unrestricted licensure for drivers younger than 18 years only after an initial period of supervised driving and an intermediate period of unsupervised driving that limits driving at night, transporting multiple young passengers, or both. Objective To estimate the association of GDL programs with involvement in fatal crashes among 16- to 19-year-old drivers. Design, Setting, and Participants Pooled cross-sectional time series analysis of quarterly 1986-2007 incidence of fatal crashes involving drivers aged 16 to 19 years for all 50 states and the District of Columbia combined. Main Outcome Measures Population-based rates of fatal crash involvement for 16-, 17-, 18-, and 19-year-old drivers. Rate ratios and 95% CIs comparing state-quarters with stronger (restrictions on both nighttime driving and allowed passengers) or weaker (restrictions on either nighttime driving or allowed passengers) GDL programs with state-quarters without GDL. Results Fatal crash incidence among teen drivers increased with age, from 28.2 per 100 000 person-years (16-year-old drivers) to 36.9 per 100 000 (17-year-olds), before reaching a plateau of 46.2 per 100 000 (18-year-olds) and 44.0 per 100 000 (19-year-olds). After adjusting for potential confounders, stronger GDL programs were associated with lower incidence of fatal crashes for 16-year-old drivers, compared with programs having none of the key GDL elements (rate ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.65-0.84]). However, stronger GDL programs were associated with higher fatal crash incidence for 18-year-old drivers (rate ratio, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.01-1.23]). Rate ratios for 17-year-olds (0.91 [95% CI, 0.83-1.01]), 19-year-olds (1.05 [95% CI, 0.98-1.13]), and 16- to 19-year-olds combined (0.97 [95% CI, 0.92-1.03]) were not statistically different from the null. Conclusions In the United States, stronger GDL programs with restrictions on nighttime driving as well as allowed passengers, relative to programs with none of the key GDL elements, were associated with substantially lower fatal crash incidence for 16-year-old drivers but somewhat higher fatal crash incidence for 18-year-old drivers. Future studies should seek to determine what accounts for the increase among 18-year-old drivers and whether refinements in GDL programs can reduce this association.

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/1104325/joc15102_1098_1103.pdf

Graduated driver licensing and fatal crashes involving 16- to 19-year-old drivers.

Graduated Driver Licensing Research, 2007–Present: A Review and Commentary

The objective is this study was to estimate the impact of red light camera enforcement on motor vehicle crashes in one of the first US communities to employ such cameras - Oxnard, California Crash data were analyzed for Oxnard and for three comparison cities that did not implement camera enforcement for a period of 29 months before and after implementation of the program in Oxnard Changes in crash frequencies after enforcement were compared for Oxnard and control cities, and for signalized and nonsignalized intersections, using a generalized linear regression model Overall, crashes at signalized intersections throughout Oxnard were reduced by 7 percent and injury crashes were reduced by 29 percent The type of crash most associated with red light violations - right-angle crashes - were reduced by 32 percent, and right-angle crashes involving injuries were reduced by 68 percent Because red light cameras can be a permanent component of the transportation infrastructure, crash reductions attributed to camera enforcement should be sustainable

Reductions in injury crashes associated with red light camera enforcement in oxnard, california

Graduated driver licensing (GDL) in the United States in 2016: A literature review and commentary

An evaluation of graduated driver licensing programs in North America using a meta-analytic approach

An evaluation of Winnipeg's photo enforcement safety program: results of time series analyses and an intersection camera experiment.

Trends in alcohol-impaired driving in Canada

This fact sheet summarizes results from The Road Safety Monitor (RSM), 2011 on drinking and driving in Canada. The RSM is an annual public opinion survey conducted by the Traffic Injury Research Foundation (TIRF), sponsored by the Brewers Association of Canada and Transport Canada. The fact sheet relates driver fatalities, percentage of drunk drivers on the road, percentage of drunk drivers who drove over the legal limit, use of designated drivers, and usual drinking establishments for drinking drivers. The survey examines the pulse of the nation on major highway safety issues by use of a telephone and on-line survey of a random, representative sample of Canadian drivers. Regional results on drinking and driving across the country are reported in a companion series of fact sheets.

The Road Safety Monitor 2011: Drinking and Driving in Canada

Although driver education (DE) is widely accepted as an effective teen driver safety measure and widely available in the United States, Canada and elsewhere, evaluations have generally failed to show that such formal programs actually produce safer drivers. To address the issue of safety effects as part of a larger investigation, two studies were conducted to examine whether the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT)-approved DE program was associated with reductions in collisions and convictions. In the first study, DE status among a relatively small sample of teens who completed an online survey was not found to have a significant effect on collisions and convictions. In the second study, of a much larger population of teen drivers, DE status was associated with a lower incidence of collisions and convictions. On balance, this suggests that the safety effects of DE are either neutral, based on the results of the first Oregon study, or cautiously optimistic based on the results of the second study. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of making improvements in DE that are evidence-based, and the need for further evaluation to establish that improved and new programs meet their safety objectives.

/pdf/evaluation-of-beginner-driver-education-in-oregon-1qe7fj9gu5.pdf

Evaluation of beginner driver education in Oregon

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