The Golden Age of Transfer Hydrogenation

Although titanium dioxide photocatalysts having anatase phase are a promising substrate for photodegradation of pollutants in water and air, their photocatalytic activities show only under ultraviolet (UV) light. For us to utilized a wide range of incident light such as solar light, development of the photocatalysts whose activities show under visible light is one of the most important strategies. We have synthesized chemically modified titanium dioxide photocatalysts in which S (S4+) substitutes for some of the lattice titanium atoms. They show strong absorption for visible light and high activities for degradation of methylene blue, 2-propanol in aqueous solution and partial oxidation of adamantane under irradiation at wavelengths longer than 440 nm. The oxidation state of the S atoms incorporated into the TiO2 particles is determined to be mainly S4+ from X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) spectra.

Preparation of S-doped TiO2 photocatalysts and their photocatalytic activities under visible light

Recent development of conceptually new chiral bifunctional transition metal based catalysts for asymmetric reductive transformations is described. The chiral bifunctional molecular catalyst promoted reduction is now realized to be a powerful tool to access chiral compounds in organic synthetic procedures in both academia and industry. Based on structural investigation of the actual catalyst and its intermediates and a deep understanding of the reaction mechanism, this asymmetric reduction system can be widely used to produce valuable chiral alcohols and is now is applicable to commercial scale production.

Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones with bifunctional transition metal-based molecular catalysts.

Hydrogen transfer reduction processes are attracting increasing interest from synthetic chemists in view of their operational simplicity and high selectivity. In this tutorial review the most significant advances recently achieved in the stereoselective reduction of unsaturated organic compounds catalyzed by homogeneous transition metal complexes are critically reviewed. A sharp growth of the synthetic applications of this technique in the synthesis of fine chemicals is predictable as the use of transition metal catalyzed reactions will become more familiar to synthetic chemists.

Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation: chiral ligands and applications

Stereochemical Control in Organic-Synthesis Using Silicon-Containing Compounds

Photocatalytic one-step syntheses of cyclic imino acids by aqueous semiconductor suspensions

I. STOICHIOMETRIC APPROACH II. CATALYTIC APPROACH III. ENZYMATIC APPROACH IV. APPLICATION OF ENANTIOMERICALLY PURE ?-AMINO ACIDS IN THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF COMPLEX NATURAL PRODUCTS AND PEPTIDES

Asymmetric synthesis and application of α-amino acids

L-Lysine in an aqueous solution is partly racemized by photoirradiation (at wavelengths > 300 nm) in the presence of suspended cadmium(II) sulfide particles under a de-aerated atmosphere at room temperature. Loading of a small amount of platinum or its oxide inhibited the racemization, but enhanced N-cyclization of L-lysine into DL-pipecolinic acid. 2H and 1H NMR measurements of the racemate from photoirradiated reaction mixtures in deuterium oxide solutions revealed the substitution of the α-hydrogen of lysine with deuterium alongside the racemization. These facts suggest a mechanism for photocatalytic racemization that includes both reduction and oxidation by photoexcited electrons and positive holes, respectively. Similarly, the other amino acids, leucine and phenylalanine, undergo photocatalytic racemization under reaction conditions where the α-amino group is deprotonated, although glutamic acid gives no racemate during photocatalytic decomposition. Among the CdS photocatalysts used in this study, well grown cubic crystallites with a specific surface area of ca. 8 m2 g–1 showed the highest selectivity for the racemization of L-lysine.

Photocatalytic racemization of amino acids in aqueous polycrystalline cadmium(II) sulfide dispersions

Enantioselective synthesis of (+)-PS-5 via stereoselective alkylation of proline derivatives is described.

Enantioselective synthesis of the carbapenem ring system from (S)-proline

Stereoselective synthesis of piperidine-2,6-dicarboxylic acids by photocatalytic reaction of aqueous cadmium(II) sulfide dispersion

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