Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics

Thermal and hydraulic performance of finned-tube heat exchangers under different flow ranges: A review on modeling and experiment

Performance improvement of heat pumps using novel microchannel heat exchangers with plain-louver fins during periodic frosting and defrosting cycles in electric vehicles

Many researchers have focused on the investigation into frost formation mechanism and tried to find various effective defrosting methods in recent years Study on frost is divided into three stages: the frost formation process and mechanism, defrosting methods, and restraint frost methods The three stages are carried out sequentially or in parallel Compared to defrost, restraint frost is becoming more welcomed by peoples because of no energy or smaller consume The affecting factors on frosting directly induce frost formation on cold surface, which leads to blockage, performance decrease, and even malfunction of the low temperature heat exchanger This paper divides the factors into three categories: the characteristics (temperature, humidity and velocity) of the moist air, the features （temperature, structure and position, treatment）of the cold surfaces, the interaction between the air or the formed frost and the cold surface (electric field, ultrasonic wave, magnetic field, oscillation effects) One or several of the factors must be changed in order to restrain frost formation Relative humidity is considered as that it has a larger effect on the frost formation, compared to the air temperature and air velocity However, only a few researches pay attention to the restraint frost by controlling the characteristics of moist air The structural parameters such as the fin spaces have the most important effect on the heat transfer performance of a heat exchanger under frosting conditions Therefore, an optimization of the heat exchanger design should be considered for restraint frost Hydrophobic surface is recognized as an effective way to improve the energy efficiency of a refrigeration system under frosting conditions However, the research results are not as satisfactory as expected because of the difficult fabrication of scalable hydrophobic properties

Review of restraint frost method on cold surface

Nanofluid flow and heat transfer in a microchannel with longitudinal vortex generators: Two-phase numerical simulation

Experimental investigation of the performance of microchannel heat exchangers with a new type of fin under wet and frosting conditions

Data for several key thermodynamic and transport properties needed for technologies using hydrogen (H2), such as underground H2 storage and H2O electrolysis are scarce or completely missing. Force field-based Molecular Dynamics (MD) and Continuous Fractional Component Monte Carlo (CFCMC) simulations are carried out in this work to cover this gap. Extensive new data sets are provided for (a) interfacial tensions of H2 gas in contact with aqueous NaCl solutions for temperatures of (298 to 523) K, pressures of (1 to 600) bar, and molalities of (0 to 6) mol NaCl/kg H2O, (b) self-diffusivities of infinitely diluted H2 in aqueous NaCl solutions for temperatures of (298 to 723) K, pressures of (1 to 1000) bar, and molalities of (0 to 6) mol NaCl/kg H2O, and (c) solubilities of H2 in aqueous NaCl solutions for temperatures of (298 to 363) K, pressures of (1 to 1000) bar, and molalities of (0 to 6) mol NaCl/kg H2O. The force fields used are the TIP4P/2005 for H2O, the Madrid-2019 and the Madrid-Transport for NaCl, and the Vrabec and Marx for H2. Excellent agreement between the simulation results and available experimental data is found with average deviations lower than 10%. 

Interfacial Tensions, Solubilities, and Transport Properties of the H2/H2O/NaCl System: A Molecular Simulation Study

Refrigerant flow distribution with phase change heat transfer was experimentally studied for a micro-channel heat exchanger having horizontal headers. In order to solve the problem of maldistribution, a novel manifold structure with orifice and bypass tube was proposed and experimentally studied compared to the conventional structure. Tests were conducted with downward flow for mass flux from 70 to 110 kg m−2s−1 (air side flow velocity from 1 to 2ms−1). The surface temperature distribution of the heat exchanger recorded by thermal imager and the square deviation of it were used to judge the uniformity of flow distribution. It is shown that as mass flux increased, better flow distribution is obtained (small square deviation of temperature distribution means better flow distribution: conventional structure from 32 to 27, novel structure from 19 to 14), and flow distribution of the novel structure was much better than that of the conventional one. The heat transfer performances of the two heat exchangers were also studied. The cooling capacity of the novel heat exchanger was 14.8% higher than that of the conventional because of the better flow distribution. And the refrigerant pressure drop was 120% higher because of bigger mass flow and the resistance of the orifice. It's worth noting that the air pressure drop of novel heat exchanger was also higher (about 28.3%)than that of the conventional one, even when they have same fin and flat tube structure. From the pictures of the heat exchanger surfaces, it was found that some surface area of the conventional heat exchanger was not wet because of the low mass flow and high superheat, which leaded to a poor performance and relatively small air pressure drop.

Experimental study of a novel manifold structure of micro-channel heat exchanger

One factor that plays an important role in the aerodynamic performance of aeroengines is the shape of the blades, which is vulnerable to change resulting from the plastic deformation and the residual stresses induced by the complex manufacturing processes, especially the shot peening. However, few studies were focused on the detailed strategies of shot peening on the complex profile and the superposition effects of residual stresses during the entire manufacturing processes. In this paper, based on the concept of eigenstrains, we investigated the effect of shot peening on residual stresses and deformation of the blade by combining the experimental measurement and the local-global simulation. The results show that the initial residual stresses induced by the previous milling process could be neglected. After the shot peening, the blade has the largest deformation if considering the initial residual stresses during milling with large amount of material removal, compared with the case without considering initial residual stresses and the case considering initial residual stresses after dynamic milling of blades. Furthermore, the in-out sequence of shot peening results in the smallest deformation and the pre-deformation of the blade can effectively offset this deformation. Finally, the shot peening intensity should not be too high in practical blade manufacturing for small thickness in order to avoid compromising the reliability and safety of blades. 

/pdf/deformation-measurement-and-simulation-of-ti-6al-4v-blades-qndteoub.pdf

Deformation measurement and simulation of Ti–6Al–4V blades induced by shot peening process

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Experimental investigation of the performance of microchannel heat exchangers with a new type of fin under wet and frosting conditions

Interfacial Tensions, Solubilities, and Transport Properties of the H2/H2O/NaCl System: A Molecular Simulation Study

Experimental study of a novel manifold structure of micro-channel heat exchanger

Deformation measurement and simulation of Ti–6Al–4V blades induced by shot peening process