Experienced and less experienced soccer players were compared in terms of their gaze behavior (number of fixations, fixation duration, number of fixation regions, and distribution of fixations across specific regions) during frontal 1 vs. 1 defensive situations. Twenty-four men (eight experienced soccer players, eight less experienced players and eight non-players) watched 20 video clips. Gaze behavior was registered with an Eye Tracking System. The video scenes were analyzed frame-by-frame. Significant main effect of the group (experience) was observed for the number of fixation regions. Experienced soccer players had a lower number of fixation regions than the non-soccer players. Moreover, the former group presented with significantly larger percentage of fixations in the ball/foot region. These findings suggest that experienced players may use a more efficient search strategy than novices, involving fixation on a lesser number of areas in specific locations.

Gaze Control in One Versus One Defensive Situations in Soccer Players With Various Levels of Expertise.

/pdf/effect-of-stroboscopic-vision-training-on-dynamic-visual-45w91mrb4p.pdf

Effect of Stroboscopic Vision Training on Dynamic Visual Acuity Scores: Nike Vapor Strobe® Eyewear

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the number of test–retest trials required to familiarize participants in order to provide acceptable reliability for the measurement of an eye–hand coordination task using the Sport Vision Trainer (SVT). Two schedules were conducted (S1 and S2). For S1, 64 participants (male n = 51, age 20.8 ± 4.9 years; female n = 13, age 20.1 ± 2.1 years) attended four sessions each 1 week apart, and undertook four trials using the SVT. For S2, 60 participants (male n = 46, age 20.8 ± 4.9 years; female n = 14, age 20.1 ± 2.1 years) attended one 20-minute schedule consisting of four consecutive trials using the SVT. Limits of agreement (LoA) analyses showed that absolute reliability was increased in both studies. The LoA for S2 indicate that error decreased between trial 1–2, 2–3, and 3–4; ± 0.95 (CI, −1.16, +2.56sec), ± 0.97 (CI, −1.66, +2.14sec), ± 0.69 (CI, −1.08, +1.62sec). It was concluded that reliable measurements of eye–hand coordination can be obtained using the SV...

/pdf/determining-eye-hand-coordination-using-the-sport-vision-cf487qt348.pdf

Determining Eye–Hand Coordination Using the Sport Vision Trainer: An Evaluation of Test–Retest Reliability

Purpose:  The purpose of this study is to investigate whether exercising brain performed by boxers have any kind of effect on visual attention, eye-hand coordination and dynamic balance performances of athletes.
Material:  In accordance with the purpose of this study, 29 athletes who do exercises regularly at Sakarya Boxing Club have been divided into two groups as control and experiment group. The Star Excursion Balance test was used to measure participants' dynamic balance performance, the Bourdon-Wiersma Stipple test was used to measure visual attention, and Alternate Hand Wall Toss test was used to measure eye-hand coordination as pre and post-test. Repeated Measures Anova analysis was used for analysis of the obtained data.
Results:  In terms of the obtained data, it has been observed that between pre and pro tests a significant development pattern shows itself for whole study group. On the other hand, as for the investigation of the pre and post-test interactions of experiment and control group, When pre and post-test interactions of experimental and control groups were examined, there was no significant difference in visual attention and dynamic balance development, but in eye-hand coordination test, improvement in experimental group was found to be higher than in control group.
Conclusions: The findings of the study in which exercising brain applied to boxers for 8 weeks showed that there was no significant difference between dynamic balance and visual attention development values, but there was a significant difference between control and experimental groups, eye-hand coordination development values.

/pdf/the-effect-of-the-exercises-brain-on-boxers-eye-hand-4wmpv6apyx.pdf

The effect of the exercises brain on boxers’ eye-hand coordination, dynamic balance and visual attention performance

The research of the visual behaviour, from the cognitive-perceptual focus and the decision making in sports.

Vision is one of the most important special senses and is the primary source of external information. The role of vision in our everyday lifestyles is immense and adequate visual skills are needed for simple tasks which include reading and writing, that are especially important for students. Stress is an important factor which most students deal with, and along with other external factors, could adversely affect the ability to effectively perform many visual skills. This study aims to determine if sports vision exercises could improve visual skills and thereby enhance motor and cognitive performance. A 169 second year physiology students (18-22 years of age) participated in the study. The students were divided into control (n=78) and experimental groups (n=91) and pre and post sports vision tests were conducted. This included testing visual skills such as visual acuity, eye dominance, focusing, tracking, vergence, sequencing, eye-hand coordination, visualization and reflex. The results showed a significant improvement in the sequencing and eye-hand coordination tests in the experimental group, whilst a non-significant improvement (control group) was observed in the visual acuity, visualization, tracking, vergence and reflex tests. The improvements (except for focusing) were greater in the experimental group than in the control group. The study clearly showed that correct sports vision training can improve certain visual skills and lead to an enhancement of motor and cognitive learning and performance. Sports vision exercises are therefore an efficient method of improving certain visual skills and possibly minimizing any defects caused by stress.

The effect of sports vision exercises on the visual skills of university students : sport science

Sport has become a very competitive business and focus has been placed on reaching ones full potential. Few aspects like hand-eye co-ordination and visual reaction time have been addressed in the past. Visual involvement in a sport varies according to environmental demands associated with that particular sport. These environmental demands are matched by a task of specific motor responses. This study was carried out in order to determine the relevance of sport vision testing and visual skills training in soccer players. This study also seeks to determine the visual skills of soccer players by assessing depth perception, accommodation flexibility, eye tracking, eye jumps, peripheral awareness and visual memory of soccer players. Fourty-eight soccer players aged 12 to 20 were assessed. The results were compared according to age group and the four main positions in soccer, namely: striker, midfielder, defender and goalkeeper. The results indicated that visual skills tend to improve with age and that different positions do not necessarily require different levels of visual skills. This reinforces the suggestion that visual skills are not necessarily a function of the position one plays. Sportsmen will have a great advantage over their fellow rivals due to improvements in their exercise and sports vision training programs. These training programs can help improve and train the athlete's visual coordination, increase concentration and focus, hand-eye co-ordination, anticipation as well as gain knowledge about their motor response. These principles can also be implemented in a similar evaluation of other athletes and non-athletes.

Sport vision assessment in soccer players : : physical education and sport science

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The effect of sports vision exercises on the visual skills of university students : sport science

Sport vision assessment in soccer players : : physical education and sport science