Sport, is no more a spare time activity and has become a highly competitive and an extremely commercialized enterprise. Involvement of multinational corporations in sport activities and holding of mega events like the Olympics; and, the World Cup held by the Federation International de Football Association (FIFA);along with, the increasing impact of media broadcasting, have given rise to a new global multi- billion dollars sport market; where athletes remain the center of attention. Sport organizations, thus are always in search of the best athletes, not only for competitive purposes, but also, because the successes of a particular sport industry and corporate benefactors, depend upon the rise and fall of its super stars. The sports organization, thus are constantly on the search for high performers, such as the ‘right’ coach, the best manager, top CEOs or a new key athlete who can make their business a success. ‘Who will be the next Muhammad Ali, Tiger Woods or Venus Williams?’ is a billion dollar question. However, predicting success in sports can be quite a daunting task; and, organizations endeavor to achieve best performances from their athletes; through not only lucrative financial packages, but also through best possible sports’ relevant environment and extensive trainings. Despite all efforts, only some of the players are able to make it to the top. Understanding personality of these players is one area which has been ignored and this one area might be able to answer the billion dollar question. The present study explores this particular area and provides empirical evidence of personality traits peculiar to the high performers or more aptly, the eventual champions. Studying the impact of Big Five personality traits, on the performance of 91 contact sports national champions of Pakistan; our findings reveal significant association between performance and the Big Five traits, i.e., agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, extroversion and openness to experience.

Using the ‘Big-Five’ for Assessing Personality Traits of the Champions: An Insinuation for the Sports Industry

INTRODUCTION Research has indicated that athletes who engage in high-risk athletic activities, such as football and hockey, have riskier personalities than their low-risk and nonathlete counterparts (Ahmadi et al., 2011, Procedia Soc Behav Sci, 30 and 247-251; Zuckerman, 1983, Biological bases of sensation seeking, impulsivity, and anxiety, Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc Inc.). For instance, increased sensation-seeking and aggression are common in high-risk athletes, rendering these individuals more likely to sustain a subsequent injury, such as concussion. Elevated levels of certain personality traits, including impulsivity and aggression, have also been observed after concussion (Goswami et al., 2016, Brain Struct Funct, 221 and 1911-1925). The purpose of this study therefore was to determine whether aggressive behavior in university athletes may be accounted for, in part, by a history of concussion, rather than exclusively athletic status. METHODS Using a quasi-experimental design, 66 university students (n = 18 nonathletes, n = 24 low-risk athletes, n = 24 high-risk athletes) with (n = 27) and without a history of concussion (n = 39) completed the Buss & Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ; Buss & Perry, , J Pers Soc Psychol, 63 and 452) and provided electrodermal activation (EDA) as an index of physiological arousal. RESULTS It was found that decreased physiological arousal among students with a history of concussion was associated with greater endorsement of physical aggression. Moreover, athletic status did not account for this pattern of aggression, as athletes and nonathletes did not differ in terms of self-reported aggressive tendencies. CONCLUSIONS Physiological compromise after concussive injury may act as an independent mechanism of aggressive behavior in athletes beyond factors, such as athletic status.

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/brb3.1038

Physiological underarousal as a mechanism of aggressive behavior in university athletes with a history of concussion.

Background: It is necessary to deal with the aggressive behaviour of young people and find out whether sport can play a role in this area. So far, findings indicate modification role of sports activity and its type in terms of contact's occurrence, in the behavior of individuals. Objective: The aim of the study is to compare the level of the dimension of aggression and anxiety trait between nonathletes and contact and noncontact sport athletes and to assess the relationship between dimensions of aggression and the level of anxiety trait across the groups. Methods: The research group consisted of 153 males aged 22.07 ± 2.49 years: 47 contact sport athletes, 51 noncontact sport athletes and 55 nonathletes. Dimensions of aggression were evaluated by the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, anxiety trait was evaluated by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The differences between the groups were assessed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test was used for posthoc pairwise comparisons. Relationship between dimensions of aggression and anxiety trait was assessed by the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: We found that nonathletes were more physically aggressive than contact sport athletes and they also displayed a higher level of anger and hostility. Moreover, nonathletes were more hostile, physical and verbally aggressive than noncontact sport athletes. Nonathletes also had a higher level of anxiety trait than athletes. There was no difference between athletes in any dimension of aggression and anxiety trait level. Besides that, we found a significant relationship between anxiety trait level and physical aggression across the groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that sports activity can be beneficial for personality in both contact and noncontact athletes. Sport activity may be one of the factors which increase the possibility of releasing of aggression, while "contactness" of the sport does not play any major role in the aggression of athletes.

/pdf/aggression-and-anxiety-trait-level-of-young-male-contact-and-3uen3txb8v.pdf

Aggression and anxiety trait level of young male contact and noncontact athletes

A new solution for local anesthetic and antibiotic delivery after eye surgery is presented. A contact lens-shaped collagen drug carrier was created and loaded by Levofloxacin and Tetracaine with a riboflavin crosslinked surface layer, thus impeding diffusion. The crosslinking was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, whereas the drug release was investigated using UV-Vis spectrometry. Due to the surface barrier, the drug gradually releases into the corneal tissue. To test the function of the carrier, a 3D printed device and a new test method for a controlled drug release, which mimics the geometry and physiological lacrimation rate of the human eye, were developed. The experimental setup with simple geometry revealed that the prepared drug delivery device can provide the prolonged release profile of the pseudo-first-order for up to 72 h. The efficiency of the drug delivery was further demonstrated using a dead porcine cornea as a drug recipient, without the need to use live animals for testing. Our drug delivery system significantly surpasses the efficiency of antibiotic and anesthetic eyedrops that would have to be applied approximately 30 times per hour to achieve the same dose as that delivered continuously by our device.

/pdf/controlled-drug-delivery-device-for-cornea-treatment-and-287avsy3.pdf

Controlled Drug Delivery Device for Cornea Treatment and Novel Method for Its Testing

Collegiate athletes displayed different aggressive tendencies in an off-field situation based on the sports that they play. This study was conducted to identify the level and differences of aggressive behavior among athletes in a public university in Malaysia. A total of 91 student-athletes that represented different types of sports participated in this study. The instrument used to measure the aggressive behaviour among athletes was the Aggression Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to identify the level of aggressive behaviour and the independent t-test was used to analyze the differences of aggressive behaviour based on demographic factors such as gender and types of sports. The findings revealed that the level of aggressive behaviour among athletes in the university are at a low level and there is no significant differences in aggressive behaviour based on gender and types of sports. This study contributes to the literature on the aggressive behavior in the context of student-athletes in higher education institution.

/pdf/the-aggressive-behaviour-in-sports-among-athletes-in-a-udm7vmtznx.pdf

The Aggressive Behaviour in Sports Among Athletes In A Public University

The Relationship Between Dimensions of Anger and Aggression in Contact and Noncontact Sports

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The Relationship Between Dimensions of Anger and Aggression in Contact and Noncontact Sports