Publisher Summary This chapter presents a survey on the labor supply of men. This survey of male labor supply covers the determinants of whether men work for pay in the labor market and, if so, the determinants of their hours of work. The chapter also discusses the work behavior of men prior to their retirement from the labor force. Moreover, even though there are noteworthy investigations into the labor supply of men in many different countries, this survey is restricted almost entirely to the Anglo-American literature. The chapter identifies the major time-series and cross-section empirical regularities in male labor supply behavior. It is these that any economic theory should be designed to address. The chapter presents the canonical static model of labor supply and then immediately proceeds to deal with the problems in applying this model at the aggregative level. The static model is amended to handle the situation of nonlinear budget constraints. The chapter concludes with an outline of the most popular life-cycle model of labor supply. The chapter also addresses the issues in and results from the estimation of the static model. Problems in specifying the model are first considered and then the results are presented from the U.S. nonexperimental literature, the British literature, and the U.S. experimental literature. The chapter also discusses the estimates from the applications of the life-cycle model.

Chapter 1 Labor supply of men: A survey

Approximately 10% of the employed population in the United States works in multiple jobs. They are more likely to work long hours and in nonstandard work schedules, factors known to impact sleep duration and quality, and increase the risk of injury. In this study we used multivariate regression models to compare the duration of sleep in a 24-hour period between workers working in multiple jobs (MJHs) with single job holders (SJHs) controlling for other work schedule and demographic factors. We used data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics US American Time Use Survey (ATUS) pooled over a 9-year period (2003-2011). We found that MJHs had significantly reduced sleep duration compared with SJHs due to a number of independent factors, such as working longer hours and more often late at night. Male MJHs, working in their primary job or more than one job on the diary day, also had significantly shorter sleep durations (up to 40 minutes less on a weekend day) than male SJHs, even after controlling for all other factors. Therefore, duration of work hours, time of day working and duration of travel for work may not be the only factors to consider when understanding if male MJHs are able to fit in enough recuperative rest from their busy schedule. Work at night had the greatest impact on sleep duration for females, reducing sleep time by almost an hour compared with females who did not work at night. We also hypothesize that the high frequency or fragmentation of non-leisure activities (e.g. work and travel for work) throughout the day and between jobs may have an additional impact on the duration and quality of sleep for MJHs.

https://tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/07420528.2016.1167717

Working multiple jobs over a day or a week: Short-term effects on sleep duration.

The changing economic benefits of college graduates

A phenomenological exploration of combat veterans' experiences as they transition to civilian employment using higher education as career development

This study extends previous research on labor market efiects of vocational education by explicitly modeling the . intervening factors in the relAtionship between secondary vocational education and labor niarket outcomes. The strategy is to propose and estimate'a simplified, recursive model that can cOntribute to understanding why positive earnings effects have been so hard to find for men, why the effects vary between men and women, and why the effects differ according to the time unit of measurement. The data used are from the National Longitudinal Survey (NLS) of Labor Market Experiences, Youth Cohott, and the high school transcripts of a subsample of the NLS panel. The estimated mo0e1 cieated shows that vocational education may have both di.rect and-indirect effects on earnings, income, and unemployment, and that the indirect effeCts operate through such intervening factors as job-search pethods, , unionization, industry, occupation, job tenure, labor market '. experience, and.postsecondary education. The findings regarding indirect effects have several implications for, vocational education policy. Although indirect effects are not dramatic, they are not triviA1, showing that vocational education can prObably make a significant, but liMited, dontribution to improving productivity and reducing income inequalitk. Also, some changes in programs may be necessary since the findings show that vocational education differs substantialiy between whites and minority graduates in its.capacity to foster lohgler,job tenure, more labor market experience, and greater labor market stability. Several findings suggest that policymakers should not place a heavy emphasis on hourly eatnings alone as an evaluative criterion for. Vocational education. Directions for.future reiearch 'also ate suggested, by.the study. (KC)

/pdf/influences-of-high-school-curriculum-on-determinants-of-58l6acbclt.pdf

Influences of High School Curriculum on Determinants of Labor Market Experiences.

Multiple Jobholders in May 1975.

The Employment Situation of Vietnam Era Veterans.

Educational Attainment of Workers, March 1977.

Educational Attainment of Workers, March 1976.

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Multiple Jobholders in May 1975.

The Employment Situation of Vietnam Era Veterans.

Educational Attainment of Workers, March 1977.

Educational Attainment of Workers, March 1976.