In the process of nowadays efficiency evaluation of any mode of transportation, sustainability results are the most important factor. In regard to railway sustainability, Train Control Information Systems (TCIS) are such advanced systems with important positive impacts. The main purpose of this study was therefore the evaluation of these impacts as well as the evaluation of Key Performance Themes (KPT) for sustainable railways. Firstly a very detailed literature review of papers that have focused on TCIS and their improvements on railway sustainability, published in the scientific journal in the period from 2005 and 2016, was performed. The number of studies was then used as a main criteria in Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) evaluations or rankings of these systems and their impacts. The paper offers results from the first systematic review of papers which investigate the role of TCIS in terms of sustainability and, additionally, represents a refined approach to TCIS classification with a new classes descriptions. During review KPT for sustainable railways were also identified. Further, AHP evaluated the Train Management and Interlocking Systems and their subsystems as the most important TCIS, and safety and costs of equipment, installation, maintenance and operation as the most important themes. The results are important for both, scholars for their future research and for other railway stakeholders and decision makers, who must select different systems and technologies for implementation in their railway systems with emphasis on increasing performance and sustainability. The study offers also the opportunities for further research in regard to railway sustainability.

/pdf/an-evaluation-of-train-control-information-systems-for-4bdd6lahbn.pdf

An evaluation of train control information systems for sustainable railway using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model

High-level safety is essential for railway signalling systems, and so various measures are taken to prevent failures susceptible to lead to accidents based on the fail-safe concept, given that the type of accident cause by such a system failure is potentially serious. An International Standard, stipulating levels of reliability, availability, maintainability and safety for railway signalling systems, has recently been introduced. In this kind of system, safety is of utmost importance. However, considering the current requirement for high-level of availability, this paper presents a case study on a risk evaluation, based on costs per unit of time, which can be used to represent not only safety factors but also availability.

Risk Evaluation Method for Improvement of Railway Signalling Systems

Railway junctions have been signalled in many different ways using various railway interlocking and signalling technologies. Implementations of those technologies are not identical and are customised for every railway junction. It is therefore very difficult to consistently compare various signalling and interlocking technologies using currently available methods. That creates an enormous task for transport and/or signalling planners to propose the technology that meets the operational conditions on a specific railway junction.
This thesis enhances the signalling and interlocking planning process by developing a formal method for documenting and evaluating railway junction signalling and interlocking. More precisely, it makes the following contributions:
•	it develops a structured method to enable railway transport planners to evident a specific railway junction arrangement and, in response to it, determine and describe a corresponding signalling and interlocking algorithm. This includes characterisation of:
o	manual interlocking algorithm
o	mechanical interlocking algorithm
o	electrically powered interlocking algorithm.
•	it develops an analytical model to calculate the railway junction’s interlocking and signalling requirements determined by the track arrangement installed, such as:
o	minimum travel distance
o	maximum velocity
o	minimum train travel time in the track arrangement.
•	it defines performance measures relevant in the railway interlocking evaluation process, such as interlocking processing time, signalling system cost, interlocking functionality, signalling system availability and reliability. These operational performance measures allow consistent comparison and evaluation of the interlocking on a railway junction.

Railway Interlocking Process: A Formal Method for Documenting and Evaluating Railway Junction Signalling and Interlocking

A railway junction is a critical element for a reliable rail transport operation. In the planning process of railway interlocking and signalling on a railway junction, a consistent assessment and choice of the most appropriate technology is both the need and a challenge. An outcome of such assessment shall provide a solution to safe, efficient and secure train movement over the railway junction. This paper discusses an evaluation method which has been developed for a single, bidirectional railway junction and elaborates on its implementation aimed at obtaining a railway junction signalling system cost-benefit chart, functions processing chart and functions cost chart.

Performance evaluation of railway junction signalling and interlocking

To aim at the reliability and security issues of ZPW-2000A Jointless Audio Frequency-shift Modulated Track Circuit System, Failure Modes Effects and Diagnositcs Analysis (FMEDA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) were proposed for reliability and security analysis of system. The system was analyzed and defined, the FMEDA table was completed, and the fault tree was built, then the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the fault tree were conducted. The minimal cut sets of the fault tree were got by qualitative analysis, and the weak links of the system were located. The fail probability of roof events, important degree of each minimal cut sets and the indicators of reliability and security were gained through the quantitative analysis. The paper provides a practical method and theoretical basis for the reliability and security analysis of ZPW-2000A track circuit system. Copyright © 2013 IFSA.

Analysis on Reliability and Security of ZPW-2000A Track Circuit System Based on FMEDA and FTA

In recent years, the RAMS (reliability, availability, maintainability and safety) international standards have been established, and emphasis has come to be placed on availability as well as safety more than ever before. Accordingly, in order to ensure the targeted availability of railway signalling systems, the authors studied a method of applying measures to such systems from the viewpoint of availability. The results confirmed that it is possible to identify effective measures applicable to the individual pieces of equipment that constitute these systems to attain target values. They also verified the effectiveness of the evaluation method, which involves recognition of status, setting of target values and determination of applicable measures to attain target availability.

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/rtriqr/50/3/50_3_152/_pdf

Evaluation Methods for Railway Signalling Systems from the Viewpoint of Availability

Since the IEC 62278 (RAMS Standard) was published in 2002, its importance and impact to Japan have been conspicuous. On the contrary, various new train control systems based on information technology are under active development. Considering such situations, we assume that it is essential to establish an evaluation method to design railway signalling systems which have an excellent balance to the RAMS indicators at low costs. We propose a basic method to evaluate the performance of a signalling system by a cost indicator based on the concept of RAMS, and confirmed that the method can evaluate systems appropriately considering grade of the line, circumstances and other factors.

A Method of Evaluating Railway Signalling System Based on RAMS Concept

This article focuses on safety measures for train control systems, which are critical and must be applied without omissions. In order to avoid system design complexity, the train control system design phase must now be divided into the conceptual design phase and the detailed design phase. This paper proposes a template of safety requirements and a method for verifying system requirement specifications using this template. The proposed method is applied to the Computer and Radio Aided Train (CARAT) control system to demonstrate the procedure. A support tool that verifies safety requirements and displays safety verification items to be automatically checked in the specifications is also developed.

Method for Verifying System Requirement Specifications Based on Train Control System Safety Requirements

Train Position Detection System by Means of Inertial Sensors Together with a Tachometer Generator

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