There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Three parallel algorithms for classical molecular dynamics are presented. The first assigns each processor a fixed subset of atoms; the second assigns each a fixed subset of inter-atomic forces to compute; the third assigns each a fixed spatial region. The algorithms are suitable for molecular dynamics models which can be difficult to parallelize efficiently—those with short-range forces where the neighbors of each atom change rapidly. They can be implemented on any distributed-memory parallel machine which allows for message-passing of data between independently executing processors. The algorithms are tested on a standard Lennard-Jones benchmark problem for system sizes ranging from 500 to 100,000,000 atoms on several parallel supercomputers--the nCUBE 2, Intel iPSC/860 and Paragon, and Cray T3D. Comparing the results to the fastest reported vectorized Cray Y-MP and C90 algorithm shows that the current generation of parallel machines is competitive with conventional vector supercomputers even for small problems. For large problems, the spatial algorithm achieves parallel efficiencies of 90% and a 1840-node Intel Paragon performs up to 165 faster than a single Cray C9O processor. Trade-offs between the three algorithms and guidelines for adapting them to more complex molecular dynamics simulations are also discussed.

Fast parallel algorithms for short-range molecular dynamics

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

https://www.chem.ccu.edu.tw/~joyce/referance/gump/IL/Chem.%20Rev.%201999,%2099,%202071.pdf

Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids. Solvents for Synthesis and Catalysis

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) offer the possibilities to design solar cells with a large flexibility in shape, color, and transparency. DSC research groups have been established around the worl ...

/pdf/dye-sensitized-solar-cells-50b0w2bhsr.pdf

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/410233/1/BinnemansKrutyn2013Lecture3abstract.pdf

Recycling of rare-earth phosphors

https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/498686/1/Policy+Brief+EREAN+Nr+1+MAY+2015.pdf

EU FP7 EREAN training network offers (c)lean recycling solutions for rare-earth magnets

The invention relates to a process of isolating samarium from a hydrophilic composition comprising nitrate ions, europium and samarium, by reducing europium(III) to europium(II) in this hydrophilic composition, and by extracting the samarium with a water-immiscible organic phase comprising an ionic liquid comprising nitrate anions.

Removal of europium impurities from samarium-153 in nitrate media using ionic liquids

Trinuclear heterobimetallic Ln IIIRu II com- plexes (Ln = Eu, Gd) based on a 1,10-phenanthroline ligand bearing a diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) core have been synthesized and fully characterized by a range of experimental techniques. The 17 O NMR and proton nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) measurements of Gd IIIRu II show that, in comparison to the parent Gd-DTPA, this complex exhibits improved relaxivity, which is the result of an increase of the rotational correlation time. Relaxometry and ultrafiltration experiments indicate that the 1,10-phenanthroline ligand has a high affinity for noncovalent binding to human serum albumin,which results inahighrelaxivityr1of14.3 s � 1 mM � 1 at 20 MHzand37C.Furthermore, theLn IIIRu II complexes(Ln= Eu, Gd) show an intense light absorption in the visible spectral region due to metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transitions. Upon excitation into the MLCT band at 440 nm, the complexes exhibit a bright-red luminescence centered at 610 nm, with a quantumyieldof4.7%.Theluminescencelifetimeequals540nsandisthereforelongenoughtoexceedthe fluorescent background. Monometalliclanthanidecomplexeshavealsobeensynthesized,andtheEu III analogueshowsacharacteristicredluminescencewith a quantum yield of 0.8%. Taking into account the relaxometric and luminescent properties, the developed Gd IIIRu II complex can be considered as a potential in vitro bimodal imaging agent.

https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/320709/2/249RuGdmetallostar.pdf

A Heterobimetallic RutheniumGadolinium Complex as a Potential Agent for Bimodal Imaging GeertDehaen, † PeterVerwilst, † SvetlanaV.Eliseeva, † SophieLaurent, ‡ LuceVanderElst, ‡ RobertN.Muller, ‡

To date, the rare earths are of high economic importance, because they are indispensable for the manufacturing of strong permanent magnets, fluorescent lamps and nickel metal hydride batteries. Because of recent export restrictions by China, the rare earths are considered as critical raw materials with a high supply risk. Therefore, it is surprising that the rare earths and the lanthanides in particular are largely neglected by authors of elementary and even advanced inorganic textbooks. Textbook authors give the impression that the lanthanides are dull, unimportant and to be ignored. For instance, in 1970, Pimentel and Sprately wrote their famous quote:" “Lanthanum has only one important oxidation state in aqueous solution, the +3 state. With few exceptions, this tells the whole boring story about the other lanthanides.”. Jensen argues that the convention of cramming all the lanthanides together in one box of group III of the periodic table creates the perception that these elements are very boring from a chemical point of view. Other authors state that the names of the lanthanides (praseodymium, dysprosium, ...) are ugly and confusing. The purpose of this talk is to show that the lanthanides have a rich redox chemistry, with several examples of ions with + 2 and +4 oxidation states, besides Ce and Eu. The electronic configurations of the lanthanides will be discussed, as well as the reasons for the dominance of the +3 state in aqueous medium. Approaches to stabilize the different oxidation states will be reviewed. Finally, the redox chemistry of the lanthanides (4f elements) will be compared with that of the actinides (5f elements)

https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/355010/1/BinnemansAbstractLeuven2012.pdf

Redox chemistry of the lanthanides

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