INTRODUCTION
Chronic pancreatitis is a heterogeneous and complex syndrome that, in most cases, causes pain as a cardinal symptom and affects both the morphology and function of the pancreas, leading to several serious complications.


AREAS COVERED
The present review, based on a non-systematic PubMed search updated to June 2023, aims to present the current available evidence on the role of gastroenterologists in the diagnosis and treatment of both local and systemic complications by either endoscopic or medical treatments.


EXPERT OPINION
At diagnosis and during chronic pancreatitis follow-up, particular care is needed to consider not only the clinically manifest signs and symptoms of the disease, such as pain, jaundice, gastrointestinal obstruction, and pseudocysts, which require multidisciplinary discussion to establish the best treatment option (endoscopic or surgical), but also less evident systemic complications. Pancreatic exocrine and endocrine insufficiency, together with chronic inflammation, addiction, and dysbiosis, contribute to malnutrition, sarcopenia, and osteopathy. These complications, in turn, increase the risk of infection, thromboembolic events, and death. Patients with chronic pancreatitis also have an increased risk of psychiatric disorders and pancreatic cancer onset. Overall, patients with chronic pancreatitis should receive a holistic evaluation, considering all these aspects, possibly through multidisciplinary care in dedicated expert centers.

Managing complications of chronic pancreatitis: a guide for the gastroenterologist.

Introduction: The impact of surgery on nutritional status, pancreatic function, and symptoms of patients affected by chronic pancreatitis (CP) has not been unequivocally determined. This study aimed to evaluate clinical follow-up after surgery for CP in an Italian-Austrian population. Materials and Methods: Patients operated for CP at two high-volume centers between 2000 and 2018 were analyzed. The following parameters were compared between the pre- and postoperative period: nutritional status, endocrine and exocrine pancreatic functions, and chronic pain. Results: Overall, 186 patients underwent surgery for CP. Among these, 68 (40%) answered a specific follow-up questionnaire. The body mass index showed a significant increase between pre- and postoperative assessments (21.1 vs. 22.5 p = 0.003). Furthermore, a 60% decrease in the prevalence of chronic pain (81 vs. 21%, p < 0.001) was observed. On the contrary, both exocrine and endocrine pancreatic functions pointed toward a worsening after surgery, with consistent higher rates of patients presenting with diabetes mellitus, as well as patients requiring insulin therapy and oral intake of pancreatic enzymes. The analysis of body composition performed on 40 (24%) patients with a complete imaging pack revealed no significant change in the nutritional status after surgery. Discussion/Conclusion: Despite the good results observed in terms of pain relief, the surgical approach led to a consistent worsening of the global pancreatic function. No significant influence of surgery on the nutritional status of patients was detected.

https://www.karger.com/Article/Pdf/526263

Long-Term Follow-Up after Surgery for Chronic Pancreatitis: A Bicentric Retrospective Experience

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Long-Term Follow-Up after Surgery for Chronic Pancreatitis: A Bicentric Retrospective Experience