The introduction of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into conventional fibre-reinforced polymer composites creates a hierarchical reinforcement structure and can significantly improve composite performance. This paper reviews the progress to date towards the creation of fibre reinforced (hierarchical) nanocomposites and assesses the potential for a new generation of advanced multifunctional materials. Two alternative strategies for forming CNT-based hierarchical composites are contrasted, the dispersion of CNTs into the composite matrix and their direct attachment onto the primary fibre surface. The implications of each approach for composite processing and performance are discussed, along with a summary of the measured improvements in the mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of the resulting hierarchical composites.

Carbon nanotube-based hierarchical composites: a review

The incorporation of nanomaterials in the polymer matrix is considered to be a highly effective technique to improve the mechanical properties of resins. In this paper the effects of the addition of different nanoparticles such as single-walled CNT (SWCNT), double-walled CNT (DWCNT), multi-walled CNT (MWCNT), graphene, nanoclay and nanosilica on fracture toughness, strength and stiffness of the epoxy matrix have been reviewed. The Young's modulus (E), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), mode I (GIC) and mode II (GIIC) fracture toughness of the various nanocomposites at different nanoparticle loadings are compared. The review shows that, depending on the type of nanoparticles, the integration of the nanoparticles has a substantial effect on mode I and mode II fracture toughness, strength and stiffness. The critical factors such as maintaining a homogeneous dispersion and good adhesion between the matrix and the nanoparticles are highlighted. The effect of surface functionalization, its relevancy and toughening mechanism are also scrutinized and discussed. A large variety of data comprised of the mechanical properties of nanomaterial toughened composites reported to date has thus been compiled to facilitate the evolution of this emerging field, and the results are presented in maps showing the effect of nanoparticle loading on mode I fracture toughness, stiffness and strength.

/pdf/improving-the-fracture-toughness-and-the-strength-of-epoxy-2wqzw19lab.pdf

Improving the fracture toughness and the strength of epoxy using nanomaterials – a review of the current status

Energy absorption capability of nanocomposites: A review

Impact and after-impact properties of carbon fibre reinforced composites enhanced with multi-wall carbon nanotubes

Parameters influencing the impact response of fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite materials: a critical review

This study presents the experimental results of the mechanical properties of three-phase CFRP laminates consisting of traditional carbon fibers and epoxy matrix modified using cup-stacked carbon nanotubes (CSCNTs) in comparison to those of CFRP laminates without CSCNTs. The prepreg system of carbon fibers impregnated with CSCNT-dispersed epoxy is developed, and successful fabrication of three-phase CFRP laminates is achieved using an autoclave. Basic mechanical properties of unidirectional laminates (stiffness, strength, fracture toughness, etc.) are summarized. Next, quasi-isotropic laminates are subjected to tension, compression, flexural, and compression after impact (CAI) tests. Improvement of stiffness and strength and no adverse effects on mechanical properties due to CSCNT dispersion are experimentally verified.

Mechanical properties of CFRP laminates manufactured from unidirectional prepregs using CSCNT-dispersed epoxy

Fracture toughness improvement of CFRP laminates by dispersion of cup-stacked carbon nanotubes

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Mechanical properties of CFRP laminates manufactured from unidirectional prepregs using CSCNT-dispersed epoxy

Fracture toughness improvement of CFRP laminates by dispersion of cup-stacked carbon nanotubes