An arrangement for and method of projecting an image on a viewing surface include sweeping a light beam along a plurality of scan lines that extend over the viewing surface, and selectively illuminating parts of the image at selected positions of the light beam on the scan lines The viewing surface can be remote from a housing supporting the arrangement, or can be located on the housing

Electro-optical assembly for image projection, especially in portable instruments

A modular three-dimensional (3D) optical switch that is scalable and that provides monitor and control of MEMS mirror arrays. A first switch module includes an array of input channels. Light beams received from the input channels are directed toward a first wavelength selective mirror. The light beams are reflected off of the first wavelength selective mirror and onto a first array of moveable micromirrors. The moveable micromirrors are adjusted so that the light beams reflect therefrom and enter a second switch module where they impinge upon a second array of moveable micromirrors. The light beams reflect off of the second array of moveable micromirrors and impinge upon a second wavelength selective mirror. The light beams reflect off of the second wavelength selective mirror and into an array of output channels. The alignment or misalignment of a data path through the switch is detected by directing two monitor beams through the data path, one in the forward direction and one in the reverse direction. The position of each of the monitor beams is detected after its reflection from the second moveable micromirror that it hits. The position data is used to determine the angles of the moveable micromirrors in the data path.

Modular three-dimensional optical switch

An optical data transmitting apparatus and method allows data transmission over a distance that surpasses a limit previously experienced in the prior art and which has been imposed due to group velocity dispersion (GVD) and self phase modulation (SPM) effects within an optical fiber. This has been accomplished by allocating trinal duobinary symbols to optical 1, P, −1 symbols. These optical symbols have the same intensity, but the +1 and −1 symbols have inverted optical phases from each other, and are orthogonally polarized from each other between the +1 and P symbols. At the receiver, a conventional polarization shift keying receiver can be used to restore the original binary data stream.

Optical data transmitting apparatus and method

An optical pickup apparatus includes first and second light sources which selectively emit one of first and second light beams, the first and second light beams being different in wavelength, the wavelengths of the first and second light beams being appropriate for accessing first and second optical disks respectively. A coupling lens converts a corresponding one of the first and second light beams into a collimated beam. An objective lens forms a light spot on a corresponding one of the first and second optical disks by focusing the collimated beam. A holographic optical element receives a reflection beam of the light spot from one of the first and second optical disks and provides holographic effects on the reflection beam so as to diffract the reflection beam in predetermined diffracting directions depending on the wavelength of the reflection beam. A photodetector receives the reflection beam from the holographic optical element at light receiving areas and outputs signals indicative of respective intensities of the received reflection beam at the light receiving areas, so that a focusing error signal and a tracking error signal are generated based on the signals.

Optical pickup apparatus having improved holographic optical element and photodetector

A portable type distance measuring apparatus which comprises an apparatus main body 11 having a distance measuring unit for measuring a distance by projecting a distance measuring light 30, a control unit for controlling the distance measuring unit and for processing measurement data from the distance measuring unit and a transmitting unit to emit a communication light including the measurement data to a distance measuring direction, and a target unit having a display unit 13, an operation unit 14 and a photodetection unit 15 for receiving the communication light, wherein the target unit is removably mounted on the apparatus main body so that the target unit may be used as an object to be measured for distance measurement when necessary.

Portable type distance measuring apparatus

An optical pick-up according to the present invention is designed such that laser beams having different polarization directions or different radiation angles are irradiated from laser beam sources formed in a surface emitting laser array to change the effective numerical aperture of an optical element having an objective lens, or the like. An optical pick-up having high capability with an optical disk having a low recording density and a thick substrate according to the CD standard, and an optical disk having a high recording density and a thin substrate according to the DVD standard, can be realized. A plurality of laser beam sources can be formed in a small space by employing a surface emitting laser array, and the numerical aperture of the optical system can be controlled by selecting a laser beam. For this reason, an optical pick-up having compatibility can be realized with an extremely simple arrangement, and a compact and high-performance optical pick-up can be provided at low cost.

Optical pick-up and optical recording system

A spatial optical transmission device and method of spatial optical transmission of a beam type that allow tracking of a light beam by simple control. A plurality of divergent type tracking beams (X 1 ) are emitted from a transmitter ( 10 ), and from the distribution of the optical intensity of each of these tracking beams the positional difference between a tracking beam receiver ( 22 ) and a datum point is detected, this error information is transmitted from a receiver ( 20 ) to the transmitter ( 10 ), and using lenses ( 11, 13 ), the directions of the optical axes of the tracking beams are changed, and at the same time the direction of the optical axis of a data beam ( 40 ) is adjusted.

Spatial optical transmission device and method of spatial optical transmission

A surface emission laser with a monitor of a very simple monolithic structure comprising a vertical resonator surface emission laser (100A) where an ohmic electrode (113) in ohmic contact with a contact layer (109) and a Shottky electrode (114) having a Shottky contact are formed in an electrode forming region (120) provided in an upper part of the surface emission laser (100A) and a photodiode (100B) for monitoring the intensity of the output light outputted from the surface emission laser (100A), wherein the periphery part of the laser beam outputted from the optical resonator of the surface emission laser (100A) is made to enter a depletion layer created in the contact region where the Shottky electrode (114) contacts with the contact layer (109), and the photocurrent generated in the depletion layer is sensed so as to monitor the intensity of the output laser light.

Surface emission laser with monitor and method of manufacturing the same

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To hardly receive the influence of light from the outside, to eliminate the influence on an existing system and to prevent the influence from the existing system by performing data communication between a transmitter for modulating a polarization state based on binary data and a receiver for detecting the change of the polarization state. SOLUTION: When transmission binary data 12 are inputted to the input terminal 11a of this transmitter 11, the transmitter 11 emits electromagnetic waves 13 for which the polarization state is modulated based on the transmission binary data 12 into a free space 16 and the electromagnetic waves 13 advance in a (z) axis direction. When the electromagnetic waves 13 reach this receiver 17, the receiver 17 outputs a voltage corresponding to the polarization state to an output terminal 17a. For instance, the voltage corresponding to '1' is outputted when a linear polarized light parallel to an (x) axis has been received and the voltage corresponding to '0' is outputted when a linear polarized light parallel to a (y) axis has been received. It is reception binary data 18 and matches with the transmission binary data 12. By modulating the polarization state in such a manner, radio data communication is made possible.

Optical radio data communication system and transmitter and receiver used for the same

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To effectively use light with a simple structure by allowing light generated from a light emitting layer to transmit a first electrode layer so as to be incident on a light wave guiding path. SOLUTION: A light emitting element 12, which is an organic electroluminescent element, is directly installed to a light incident face 54 of an optical fiber 10. On the light incident face 54, a transparent electrode layer 18 serving as a first electrode layer is formed. A light emitting layer 20 containing an organic compound and covering the transparent electrode layer 18 is formed. As the organic compound, a polymer material used, and liquid containing this polymer material is applied to the transparent electrode layer 18 according to an ink jetting method so as to form the light emitting layer 20. An upper electrode layer 22 serving as a second electrode layer is formed on the light emitting layer 20. In this way, light from the light emitting element 12 is incident on the optical fiber 10 without leaking to the outside of a predetermined optical path, so that light can be efficiently used. No optical component such as a lens is required.

Light emitting device and manufacture thereof

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