Filamentous fungi and yeasts associated with the marine algae Adenocystis utricularis, Desmarestia anceps, and Palmaria decipiens from Antarctica were studied. A total of 75 fungal isolates, represented by 27 filamentous fungi and 48 yeasts, were isolated from the three algal species and identified by morphological, physiological, and sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region and D1/D2 variable domains of the large-subunit rRNA gene. The filamentous fungi and yeasts obtained were identified as belonging to the genera Geomyces, Antarctomyces, Oidiodendron, Penicillium, Phaeosphaeria, Aureobasidium, Cryptococcus, Leucosporidium, Metschnikowia, and Rhodotorula. The prevalent species were the filamentous fungus Geomyces pannorum and the yeast Metschnikowia australis. Two fungal species isolated in our study, Antarctomyces psychrotrophicus and M. australis, are endemic to Antarctica. This work is the first study of fungi associated with Antarctic marine macroalgae, and contributes to the taxonomy and ecology of the marine fungi living in polar environments. These fungal species may have an important role in the ecosystem and in organic matter recycling.

Fungal community associated with marine macroalgae from Antarctica

Key enzymes of the urea cycle and (15)N-labeling patterns of arginine (Arg) were measured to elucidate the involvement of Arg in nitrogen translocation by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Mycorrhiza was established between transformed carrot (Daucus carota) roots and Glomus intraradices in two-compartment petri dishes and three ammonium levels were supplied to the compartment containing the extraradical mycelium (ERM), but no roots. Time courses of specific enzyme activity were obtained for glutamine synthetase, argininosuccinate synthetase, arginase, and urease in the ERM and AM roots. (15)NH(4)(+) was used to follow the dynamics of nitrogen incorporation into and turnover of Arg. Both the absence of external nitrogen and the presence of L-norvaline, an inhibitor of Arg synthesis, prevented the synthesis of Arg in the ERM and resulted in decreased activity of arginase and urease in the AM root. The catabolic activity of the urea cycle in the roots therefore depends on Arg translocation from the ERM. (15)N labeling of Arg in the ERM was very fast and analysis of its time course and isotopomer pattern allowed estimation of the translocation rate of Arg along the mycelium as 0.13 microg Arg mg(-1) fresh weight h(-1). The results highlight the synchronization of the spatially separated reactions involved in the anabolic and catabolic arms of the urea cycle. This synchronization is a prerequisite for Arg to be a key component in nitrogen translocation in the AM mycelium.

Enzymatic evidence for the key role of arginine in nitrogen translocation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Fungi comprise approximately 20% of all eukaryotic species and are connected to virtually all life forms on Earth. Yet, their diversity remains contentious, their distribution elusive, and their conservation neglected. We aim to flip this situation by synthesizing current knowledge. We present a revised estimate of 2–3 million fungal species with a “best estimate” at 2.5 million. To name the unknown >90% of these by the end of this century, we propose recognition of species known only from DNA data and call for large-scale sampling campaigns. We present an updated global map of fungal richness, highlighting tropical and temperate ecoregions of high diversity. We call for further Red List assessments and enhanced management guidelines to aid fungal conservation. Given that fungi play an inseparable role in our lives and in all ecosystems, and considering the fascinating questions remaining to be answered, we argue that fungi constitute the next frontier of biodiversity research. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Volume 48 is October 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Pushing the Frontiers of Biodiversity Research: Unveiling the Global Diversity, Distribution, and Conservation of Fungi

/pdf/recent-progress-of-triboelectric-nanogenerators-for-3fbrv3sw.pdf

Recent Progress of Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Biomedical Sensors: From Design to Application

/pdf/recent-advances-in-self-powered-wearable-sensors-based-on-wb5m3nm4.pdf

Recent Advances in Self-Powered Wearable Sensors Based on Piezoelectric and Triboelectric Nanogenerators

Sustainable agriculture is a modern agro-practice that promotes safe environment and increases agricultural yield It is a biotechnology approach designed to meet the present and future global food demands Over the years, the upsurge in excessive chemical fertilizer application for crop production has caused imbalance in the soil quality and microbial community structure This however has created the need for sustainable solutions Of late, the use of biofertilizers as an alternative to chemical fertilizers has gained prominence Fungal biofertilizers which involve the use of fungal agents (Mycorrhiza sp, Trichoderma sp, Chaetomium sp, and Gliocladium sp) are formulated to provide nutrients to the host plant and safeguard crops against pathogens As microbial consortium, they enhance plant growth, suppress abiotic stress conditions, and influence a number of biochemical developments and functions In this chapter, we lay much emphasis on fungal biofertilizers, their interactions with associated soil microorganisms (bacteria) as well as their mechanisms of action and roles in soil nutrient enrichment Besides exploring their application and influence in mineral acquisition and transportation, fungal biofertilizers composition and importance in sustainable agricultural production were also highlighted

Fungal Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agricultural Productivity

Oscillatory magnetic piezoelectric nanogenerators under low-frequency and low-amplitude excitations

Magnetically Circular Layers Triboelectric Nanogenerators (Mcl-Teng) for Velocity Sensing and Damage Detection

Abstract. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) have made significant progress as a sustainable energy harvesting technique due to their ease of assembly, high power density, good stability and cost-efficiency. This study develops the magnetic structured triboelectric nanogenerators (MS-TENG) for energy harvesting with different loading frequency. The MS-TENG use magnetic force in the sliding mode to provide the repulsive force. The dielectric and electrode components, in particular, are appropriately connected to the circuit, which is attached to the digital oscilloscope for voltage performance. The copper capsules in mode two were the most effective design for the MS-TENG. The highest load-circuit voltage of 4.0 V is obtained for the copper (Cu) MS-TENG in mode 2 (dielectric capsule designed in mode 2 is first coated with a layer of Cu or Al and then covered with Kapton). A peak power in this design is 3.4 µW. The suggested MS-TENG offers a practical way to gather electrical energy via the triboelectric effect, which are suitable for multifunctional applications.

Magnetic Structured Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Energy Harvesting

Energy harvesting has been at the forefront of research due to the significant interest in green energy sources, especially for powering remote sensors in structural health monitoring of coastal and offshore facilities. This work reports the magnet-actuated piezoelectric harvesters (M-APH) that use magnetic coupling to actuate piezoelectric film-embedded silicon rubber strips for energy harvesting from fluids. The piezo-silicon strips are deflected by the tip-magnets in the actuation system, such that the M-APH can effectively be triggered to generate electrical energy from vibration. The M-APH prototypes are printed using 3D printing technology, and the experiments are conducted to determine the output electrical voltage using a rectifier. Strip properties are varied to study the geometric influence (i.e., thickness and shape) on the energy performance. The electrical performance was evaluated for each curved piezoelectric strip and straight strips according to the piezoelectric material used. The reported M-APH can be applied to various fluids for energy harvesting.

Magnet-Actuated Piezoelectric Harvester for Energy Harvesting from Fluids

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