To date, the highest bulk lithium ion-conducting solid electrolyte is the perovskite (ABO3)-type lithium lanthanum titanate (LLT) Li3xLa(2/3)-x□(1/3)-2xTiO3 (0 < x < 0.16) and its related structure materials. The x ≈ 0.1 member exhibits conductivity of 1 × 10-3 S/cm at room temperature with an activation energy of 0.40 eV. The conductivity is comparable to that of commonly used polymer/liquid electrolytes. The ionic conductivity of LLT mainly depends on the size of the A-site ion cation (e.g., La or rare earth, alkali or alkaline earth), lithium and vacancy concentration, and the nature of the B−O bond. For example, replacement of La by other rare earth elements with smaller ionic radii than that of La decreases the lithium ion conductivity, while partial substitution of La by Sr (larger ionic radii than that of La) slightly increases the lithium ion conductivity. The high lithium ion conductivity of LLT is considered to be due to the large concentration of A-site vacancies, and the motion of lithium by a...

Lithium Lanthanum Titanates: A Review

Deformation and stress in electrode materials for Li-ion batteries

Polydopamine coating, the first material-independent surface chemistry, and its related methods significantly influence virtually all areas of material science and engineering. Functionalized surfaces of metal oxides, synthetic polymers, noble metals, and carbon materials by polydopamine and its related derivatives exhibit a variety of properties for cell culture, microfluidics, energy storage devices, superwettability, artificial photosynthesis, encapsulation, drug delivery, and numerous others. Unlike other articles, this review particularly focuses on the development of material science utilizing polydopamine and its derivatives coatings at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology for a decade. Herein, it is demonstrated how material-independent coating methods provide solutions for challenging problems existed in many interdisciplinary areas in bio-, energy-, and nanomaterial science by collaborations and independent research.

Polydopamine and Its Derivative Surface Chemistry in Material Science: A Focused Review for Studies at KAIST.

Recent Advances in Microfluidic Technology for Bioanalysis and Diagnostics.

Synthesis and high Li-ion conductivity of Ga-stabilized cubic Li7La3Zr2O12

Electrochemical properties of LiMn2O4 thin films: suggestion of factors for excellent rechargeability

Microstructure–Ionic Conductivity Relationships in Perovskite Lithium Lanthanum Titanate

Phenolic Pyrogallol Fluorogen for Red Fluorescence Development in a PAS Domain Protein

Antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) is widely used to provide the minimum inhibitory concentration of bacteria, and crucial to provide appropriate uses of antibiotics and to address the issue of drug-resistance bacteria. However, ASTs require the time-consuming incubation about 16-20 h for the visual determination of the growth of bacterial colonies, which has been a major obstacle to on-site applications of ASTs. In this study, we propose a rapid and non-invasive method based on laser speckles to evaluate the bacterial growth movements in real time, thus reducing the time for the agar dilution method. With a simple configuration compatible with conventional agar plates, the analysis of laser speckle from samples enables the early detection of the presence of growth as well as its detailed history of the colony-forming movement on agar plates. Using the samples prepared through the same procedure as the agar dilution method, we obtained the AST results at least 4-8 hours earlier than the conventional method without compromising the accuracy. This technique does not require for the use of exogenous agents, but works for most bacteria regardless of their species. Furthermore, the distinctive responses of several species to microbial agents were revealed through the present technique supporting a comprehensive analysis of the effect of the antibiotics. The findings suggest that this new method could be a useful tool for rapid, simple, and low-cost ASTs in addition to providing the historical information of the bacterial growth on agar plates.

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2018/11/29/481184.full.pdf

Real-time monitoring of bacterial growth and fast antimicrobial susceptibility tests exploiting multiple light scattering

Cerebral microinfarct increases the risk of dementia. But how microscopic cerebrovascular disruption affects the brain tissue in cellular-level are mostly unknown. Herein, with a longitudinal intravital imaging, we serially visualized in vivo dynamic cellular-level changes in astrocyte, pericyte and neuron as well as microvascular integrity after the induction of cerebral microinfarction for 1 month in mice. At day 2-3, it revealed a localized edema with acute astrocyte loss, neuronal death, impaired pericyte-vessel coverage and extravascular leakage indicating blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. At day 5, edema disappeared with recovery of pericyte-vessel coverage and BBB integrity. But brain tissue continued to shrink with persisted loss of astrocyte and neuron in microinfarct until 30 days, resulting in a collagen-rich fibrous scar surrounding the microinfarct. Notably, reactive astrocytes appeared at the peri-infarct area early at day 2 and thereafter accumulated in the peri-infarct. Oral administration of a reversible monoamine oxidase B inhibitor significantly decreased the astrocyte reactivity and fibrous scar formation. Our result suggests that astrocyte reactivity may be a key target to alleviate the impact of microinfarction.

https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.29.462492v1.full.pdf

Intravital imaging of cerebral microinfarct reveals an astrocyte reaction led to glial scar

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