Fouling in reverse osmosis membranes: monitoring, characterization, mitigation strategies and future directions.

Hydroxyl radical scavenging factor measurement using a fluorescence excitation-emission matrix and parallel factor analysis in ultraviolet advanced oxidation processes

Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis to determine chlorine decay constants in urban water distribution system.

Experimental determination of design parameters for filtration trench using phosphorus removal granular materials

Unmanned aerial vehicles and low-cost sensor as tools for monitoring freshwater chlorophyll-a in mesocosms with different trophic state

Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is the next generation seawater desalination technology, and is considered an eco-friendly and economic renewable energy. As such, there have been studies on methods of efficient cleaning to restore degraded membrane performance due to the reversible membrane fouling that inevitably occurs after prolonged operation. Owing to the fact that fouling occurs differently in each type of pretreatment process involved in PRO, it is important to understand the type of organic matter that causes fouling in each of the PRO pretreatment processes. In this study, the composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) was characterized and assessed among membrane bioreactor, ultrafiltration, activated carbon/sand filter, and low-pressure reverse osmosis PRO pretreatment processes. The characteristics of DOM that caused fouling in the PRO membrane was identified using fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (F-EEMs) coupled with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and a liquid chromatography-organic carbon detector (LC-OCD) technique. The major components could be summarized as microbial humic-like fluorescence, humic and fulvic substances, terrestrial humic-like fluorescence in high nutrient and wastewater-influenced environments, and tryptophan-like substances. The foulants that affected the PRO membrane were found to be humic and fulvic substances as a result of the PARAFAC analysis and humic substances and building blocks as a result of the LC-OCD analysis.

Effects of feed solution pretreatment on pressure-retarded osmosis: changes in dissolved organic matter according to fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis and liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection.

This study was carried out to apply the UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) coupled with Multispectral sensor for the algae bloom monitoring in river. The study acquired remote sensing data using UAV on the midstream area of Gum River, one of four major rivers in South Korea. Normalized difference vegetati...

https://www.koreascience.or.kr:443/article/JAKO201719554997049.pdf

Applicability of unmanned aerial vehicle for chlorophyll-a map in river

Provided are a system for monitoring a hydroxyl radical scavenging index in water by using a real-time multi-fluorescence spectroscopy device and a parallel factor analysis device and a method therefor, wherein the system monitors the hydroxyl radical scavenging index in water by using the real-time multi-fluorescence spectroscopy device and the parallel factor analysis device, whereby it is possible to monitor the properties of organic matter in target water through a continuous flow analysis method without using the existing indicator matter, rhodamine B. In addition, in a water treatment system having an advanced oxidation process (AOP) applied thereto in which ozone, ultraviolet rays, hydrogen peroxide, and the like are combined, it is possible to simply calculate the hydroxyl radical scavenging index in the target water through an organic matter characteristic index for each component obtained by classifying the characteristic structure of organic matter in water using real-time fluorescence spectroscopy by means of a parallel factor (PARAFAC) model. Accordingly, the amount of chemical injection and the amount of ultraviolet irradiation, which are process control variables, can be controlled, and under given operating variable conditions, the removal rate of target matter in water is predicted, whereby the system can also be used as a diagnostic tool for process evaluation in the advanced oxidation process. Furthermore, the system can provide operational convenience that enables process control while reducing the amount of power consumed in the advanced oxidation process even when the type of target matter and the water quality characteristics of raw water change.

System for monitoring hydroxyl radical scavenging index in water by using real-time multi-fluorescence spectroscopy device and parallel factor analysis device, and method therefor

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Effects of feed solution pretreatment on pressure-retarded osmosis: changes in dissolved organic matter according to fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis and liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection.

Applicability of unmanned aerial vehicle for chlorophyll-a map in river

System for monitoring hydroxyl radical scavenging index in water by using real-time multi-fluorescence spectroscopy device and parallel factor analysis device, and method therefor