Introduction. Ecologically Meaningful Germination Studies. Types of Seed Dormancy. Germination Ecology of Seeds with Nondeep Physiological Dormancy. Germination Ecology of Seeds with Morphophysiological Dormancy. Germination Ecology of Seeds with Physical Dormancy. Germination Ecology of Seeds in the Persistent Seed Bank. Causes of Within-Species Variations in Seed Dormancy and Germination Characteristics. A Geographical Perspective on Germination Ecology: Tropical and Subtropical Zones. A Geographical Perspective on Germination Ecology: Temperate and Arctic Zones. Germination Ecology of Plants with Specialized Life Cycles and/or Habitats. Biogeographical and Evolutionary Aspects of Seed Dormancy. Subject Index.

A Definitive Book on Seed Ecology@@@Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination

an international collaborative project organized to publish the English edition and revision of the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (Flora of the People’s Republic of China, “FRPS”).The planned 25-volume FOC series, which is projected to be completed by 2013, will make available to the non-Chinese reading world, taxonomic treatments of one of the world’s richest and most diverse floras. China contains more than 1/12 of the earth’s total number of vascular plant species, approximately 53% of which are endemic. Volume 22, the twelfth to be published in the FOC series, is devoted solely to the grass family, Poaceae or Gramineae. This volume is the revision of the two-volume, 5-part FRPS treatment of the grasses that was published over the course of 15 years and completed in 1997. Grasses make up almost six percent of the total number of species of vascular plants in China. They occupy a variety of habitats across the country, from the moist forest steppe in the northeast, where wheat (Triticum L.) is cultivated, to the dry alpine steppe of the XizangQinghai plateau; to the northwest desert grasses, to the warm subtropical areas where rice (Oryza L.) is a major food crop. Worldwide there are 700 genera and 11,000 species of grasses, while in China (including Taiwan and the districts of Hong Kong and Macau), the grasses are represented by 28 tribes, 226 genera (7 endemic) and 1795 species (809 endemic). Twenty-five authors (15 Chinese and 10 from the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, or Switzerland) from 17 institutions collaborated on this volume. Although the treatment follows a modified Englerian system, the authors relied heavily on the Genera Graminum (Clayton and Renvoize, 1986) for the keys and descriptions of the tribes, and incorporated somemodern molecular studies. Before the treatment of the family begins, there is a useful glossary of botanical terms specific to the Poaceae, detailed line drawings of the parts of a typical grass, a systematic list of tribes and genera, and keys to the tribes. Taxa treated in this volume are either native to China, cultivated, or naturalized. Endemic genera and species are indicated with a bullet. The entry for each species includes the synonymy, author, a bibliographic citation, the Chinese name, and the Pinyin name. After the specific description, the chromosome numbers if known (2n=) are marked with an asterisk if from Chinese material. Habitats and provincial distributions are also provided, with occurrence beyond China given at the country level in brackets. A taxon’s economic and traditional medicine value is also noted. An informative note about the threatened status of several taxa is also provided. Many of China’s native species are valued for their uses in traditional medicine and for horticultural purposes. Many are overcollected and as China’s economy grows, many natural habitats are being destroyed or severely degraded. As in other FOC volumes, a list of nomenclatural novelties is added at the end of the volume. This is followed by three indices: Chinese plant names, Pinyin names, and scientific names. BOOK REVIEW

https://bioone.org/journals/harvard-papers-in-botany/volume-13/issue-2/1043-4534-13.2.299/Flora-of-China/10.3100/1043-4534-13.2.299.pdf

Flora of China

Heavy metals constitute some of the most significant environmental contaminants today. The abundance of naturally growing Tetraena qataranse around Ras Laffan oil and gas facilities in the state of Qatar reflects its toxitolerant character. This study examined the desert plant’s tolerance to Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb relative to soil concentration. Analysis by inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) showed that the plant biomass accumulates higher Cd, Cr, Cu and Ni concentration than the soil, particularly in the root. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of all metals in the root and shoot indicates the plant’s capacity to accumulate these metals. Cd had a translocation factor (TF) greater than one; however, it is less than one for all other metals, suggesting that the plant remediate Cd by phytoextraction, where it accumulates in the shoot and Cr, Cu and Ni through phytostabilization, concentrating the metals in the root. Metals phytostabilization restrict transport, shield animals from toxic species ingestion, and consequently prevent transmission across the food chain. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis further corroborates ICP-OES quantitative data. Our results suggest that T. qataranse is tolerant of Cd, Cr, Cu, and Ni. Potentially, these metals can accumulate at higher concentration than shown here; hence, T. qataranse is a suitable candidate for toxic metals phytostabilization.

/pdf/the-assessment-of-cadmium-chromium-copper-and-nickel-11bpnns3sh.pdf

The assessment of cadmium, chromium, copper, and nickel tolerance and bioaccumulation by shrub plant Tetraena qataranse

Integration of earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi into phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated soil by Solanum nigrum L.

The present study was conducted to analyze the effects of traffic volumes on Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn contents in roadside soils and in two dominant herbaceous species (Achillea wilhelmsii and Cardaria draba) along highways and to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of these elements and their accumulation by the aerial parts and roots of these herbaceous species. The plant samples were collected along 700 m of a 9-km segment of each of the three major highways in Hamedan Province (West Iran) with different traffic volumes: Hamedan-Goltapeh (HG), Hamedan-Razan (HR), and Hamedan-Kermanshah (HK). The results indicated that the mean contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn in the soil samples were 0.26, 18.74, 14.98, 18.21, and 62.25 mg kg−1, respectively. Furthermore, the mean contents of elements (mg kg−1) in aerial parts of A. wilhelmsii were 0.16 for Cd, 4.52 for Cu, 1.91 for Pb, 1.70 for Ni, and 44.80 for Zn, while in the aerial part samples of C. draba, the concentrations (mg kg−1) and the mean contents were 0.16, 2.29, 2.58, 1.60, and 31.29, respectively. This meant that the traffic volume affected the contents of the metals in the soil and the herbaceous species. The metal content in herbaceous tissues varied significantly between plant species. A. wilhelmsii tended to accumulate the metals in the roots while C. draba retained them mostly in the aerial parts. The significant positive correlations of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn content in root and aerial parts of the herbaceous plant with those found in the soil samples showed the potential of the studied species for application in biomonitoring studies. Comprehensive analysis (effect of traffic volumes and relationships between the content of elements in plant tissues and soil samples) indicated that Cu in both herbaceous plants was mainly derived from soil, while A. wilhelmsii absorbed Cd and C. draba absorbed Zn mainly through the stomata from atmospheric depositions. Without considering atmospheric depositions due to intense traffic volumes, in A. wilhelmsii, the translocation factor (TF) values of Cu and Zn were 1.06 and 1.44, respectively and in C. draba, the TF values of Cd, Cu, and Pb were 1.06, 1.09, and 1.13, respectively, thus suggesting that both herbaceous species had high potentials for transferring metals from the roots to aerial parts.

Heavy metal concentrations in roadside plants (Achillea wilhelmsii and Cardaria draba) and soils along some highways in Hamedan, west of Iran

Distribution and Phytoavailability of Heavy Metal Chemical Fractions in Artificial Soil on Rock Cut Slopes Alongside Railways

Heavy metal contamination in the artificial soils on the railway cut slopes may have great influence on the revegetation of the cut slopes. The purpose of this study was to assess the variation of heavy metal contamination levels with railway operation time and analyze their possible resources. A total of 100 soil samples from four cut slopes, which were affected by railway transportation for different years, were analyzed for metal pollution (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe). The concentrations of Cd, Pb showed increasing trend with increasing operation time of railways, while such trend was not found in Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe. According to the soil quality standard of China, Cd was considered to have considerable contamination, while Pb has less, but Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe have none. Moreover, cadmium exhibited remarkably higher levels rather than those reported in other studies. Enrichment factors and ecological index showed that Cd and Pb showed a moderate enrichment and a considerable ecological risk in most of the soil samples. The results of descriptive statistic, principal component analysis, cluster analysis and correlation analysis were totally consistent with each other. Their results revealed that Cr, Cu, Zn and Fe had common origins, and they may come from natural resources. While Cd and Pb were significantly influenced by railway transportation, leaked cargos, fuel combustion, the use of lubricate oils and sleeper impregnation oils during railway transportation may be their main resources.

The effects of railway transportation on the enrichment of heavy metals in the artificial soil on railway cut slopes

Background: Transport infrastructure has severe impacts on ecosystems and results in large numbers of cut slopes, which are difficult to revegetate. To increase successful revegetation, it is crucial to understand the relationships of soil properties and vegetation during spontaneous vegetation recovery on cut slopes.Aims: To assess the effects of different slope positions on soil properties and vegetation on a cut slope and to determine the key factor(s) affecting vegetation distribution on a cut slope in a semi-tropical environment.Methods: Soil samples were collected in three slope positions: upper slope (US), middle slope (MS) and foot slope (FS). Soil pH, moisture and bulk density and concentrations of soil organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (NT), available nitrogen (NA), total phosphorus (PT), available phosphorus (PA), total potassium (KT) and available potassium (KA) were determined. Vegetation composition and cover were recorded along the slope. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), indicator spe...

Spatial variation of soil properties and plant colonisation on cut slopes: a case study in the semi-tropical hilly areas of China

Effects of Natural Diffused Light Storage on Highland Seed Potatoes and Subsequent Field Performance in Lowland

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Distribution and Phytoavailability of Heavy Metal Chemical Fractions in Artificial Soil on Rock Cut Slopes Alongside Railways

The effects of railway transportation on the enrichment of heavy metals in the artificial soil on railway cut slopes

Spatial variation of soil properties and plant colonisation on cut slopes: a case study in the semi-tropical hilly areas of China

Effects of Natural Diffused Light Storage on Highland Seed Potatoes and Subsequent Field Performance in Lowland