Optical inspection of material properties is of great interest to industry because it can perform objective and non-invasive characterisation of large sample quantities. This may be used in various ways to lower production costs and improve product quality. In this thesis the objective has been to develop and investigate the applicability of optical broadband characterization techniques in industrially relevant production process. Both combined broad and high resolution techniques have the potential to provide important information on scattering properties related to particle size distributions, as well as details of the absorption spectrum which relate to chemical composition. The thesis focuses on two production process from the food industry. The first process is from the dairy industry where discrimination between chemical and structural properties is of importance. To explore the applicability of optical techniques for this purpose, the fermentation of milk into yogurt has been used as a model system. Studies have been conducted on commercially available products, but also of on-line measurement of the fermentation process. The second process is from the aquaculture industry, quantification of the fish feed additive astaxanthin has been investigated. A measurement campaign has been carried out on a series of pellets specially produced for the purpose. To investigate these process, the following three measurement techniques have been developed and applied. (I)A camera based inspection system for spectrallyresolved Static Light Scattering (SLS). (II) Photon Time-of-Flight (PToF) spectroscopy, which is a state of the art technique for characterization of turbid media. (III) A new hyperspectral imaging system based on full-field illumination by diffuse laser light. This thesis reports on the design and operation of the different measurement techniques together with the necessary theoretical

Broadband optical characterization of material properties

We explored evidence that a combination of dynamic and static diffuse optical tomography can be used to predict treatment response in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Both blood chromophore concentrations and hemodynamic signatures were measured over the 5-month course of treatment.

Combined dynamic and static optical tomography for prediction of treatment outcome in breast cancer patients

We have developed a dynamic diffuse optical tomography imaging system that is capable of 3D imaging of both breasts
simultaneously. In an ongoing study subjects receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy are imaged at 6 time points
throughout their 5-month treatment. At each time point the subjects preform a breath hold to observe the hemodynamic
effects in the breasts. For each session the percent change of various hemodynamic parameters during the breath hold is
determined. Preliminary results from show statistically significant differences in washout rates and deoxyhemoglobin
changes at the 2-week imaging point between subjects that respond and do not respond to treatment.

Dynamic diffuse optical tomography for assessing changes of breast tumors during neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Medical laser applications based on widespread research and development is a very dynamic and increasingly popular field from an ecological as well as an economic point of view. Conferences and personal communication are necessary to identify specific requests and potential unmet needs in this multi- and interdisciplinary discipline. Precise gathering of all information on innovative, new, or renewed techniques is necessary to design medical devices for introduction into clinical applications and finally to become established for routine treatment or diagnosis. Five examples of successfully addressed clinical requests are described to show the long-term endurance in developing light-based innovative clinical concepts and devices. Starting from laboratory medicine, a noninvasive approach to detect signals related to iron deficiency is shown. Based upon photosensitization, fluorescence-guided resection had been discovered, opening the door for photodynamic approaches for the treatment of brain cancer. Thermal laser application in the nasal cavity obtained clinical acceptance by the introduction of new laser wavelengths in clinical consciousness. Varicose veins can be treated by innovative endoluminal treatment methods, thus reducing side effects and saving time. Techniques and developments are presented with potential for diagnosis and treatment to improve the clinical situation for the benefit of the patient.

https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/Journal-of-Biomedical-Optics/volume-20/issue-6/061110/Medical-laser-application-translation-into-the-clinics/10.1117/1.JBO.20.6.061110.pdf

Medical laser application: translation into the clinics

We have developed a diffuse optical tomography imaging system to track breast tumor progression in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Preliminary results have shown that tumor response can be predicted by the second week of treatment.

/pdf/predicting-tumor-response-in-breast-cancer-patients-using-8fcqg1ws0x.pdf

Predicting tumor response in breast cancer patients using diffuse optical tomography

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Predicting tumor response in breast cancer patients using diffuse optical tomography