by J. Biggs and C. Tang, Maidenhead, England,
Open University Press, 2007, 360 pp., £29.99, ISBN-13: 978-0-335-22126-4

Teaching for quality learning at university

The world’s population is concentrated in urban areas. This change in demography has brought landscape transformations that have a number of documented effects on stream ecosystems. The most consistent and pervasive effect is an increase in impervious surface cover within urban catchments, which alters the hydrology and geomorphology of streams. This results in predictable changes in stream habitat. In addition to imperviousness, runoff from urbanized surfaces as well as municipal and industrial discharges result in increased loading of nutrients, metals, pesticides, and other contaminants to streams. These changes result in consistent declines in the richness of algal, invertebrate, and fish communities in urban streams. Although understudied in urban streams, ecosystem processes are also affected by urbanization. Urban streams represent opportunities for ecologists interested in studying disturbance and contributing to more effective landscape management.

/pdf/streams-in-the-urban-landscape-mt89v53ix5.pdf

Streams in the Urban Landscape

/pdf/methods-of-critical-discourse-analysis-56jzrixa52.pdf

Methods of critical discourse analysis

Foreword 1. Introduction 2. Runoff, erosion and delivery to the coastal ocean 3. Temporal variations 4. Human impacts Appendices. Global River Database: Appendix A: North and Central America Appendix B: South America Appendix C: Europe Appendix D: Africa Appendix E: Eurasia Appendix F: Asia Appendix G: Oceania References Index.

/pdf/river-discharge-to-the-coastal-ocean-a-global-synthesis-571z1g19ts.pdf

River Discharge to the Coastal Ocean: A Global Synthesis

Summary
Fluvial landforms and deposits provide one of the most readily studied Quaternary continental records, and alluvial strata represent an important component in most ancient continental interior and continental margin successions. Moreover, studies of the long-term dynamics of fluvial systems and their responses to external or ‘allogenic' controls, can play important roles in research concerning both global change and sequence-stratigraphy, as well as in studies of the dynamic interactions between tectonic activity and surface processes. These themes were energized in the final decades of the twentieth century, and may become increasingly important in the first decades of this millennium.

This review paper provides a historical perspective on the development of ideas in the fields of geomorphology/Quaternary geology vs. sedimentary geology, and then summarizes key processes that operate to produce alluvial stratigraphic records over time-scales of 103−106 years. Of particular interest are changes in discharge regimes, sediment supply and sediment storage en route from source terrains to sedimentary basins, as well as changes in sea-level and the concept of accommodation. Late Quaternary stratigraphic records from the Loire (France), Mississippi (USA), Colorado (Texas, USA) and Rhine–Meuse (The Netherlands) Rivers are used to illustrate the influences of climate change on continental interior rivers, as well as the influence of interacting climate and sea-level change on continental margin systems.

The paper concludes with a look forward to a bright future for studies of fluvial response to climate and sea-level change. At present, empirical field-based research on fluvial response to climate and sea-level change lags behind: (a) the global change community's understanding of the magnitude and frequency of climate and sea-level change; (b) the sequence-stratigraphic community's desire to interpret climate and, especially, sea-level change as forcing mechanisms; and (c) the modelling community's ability to generate numerical and physical models of surface processes and their stratigraphic results. A major challenge for the future is to catch up, which will require the development of more detailed and sophisticated Quaternary stratigraphic, sedimentological and geochronological frameworks in a variety of continental interior and continental margin settings. There is a particular need for studies that seek to document fluvial responses to allogenic forcing over both shorter (102−103 years) and longer (104−106 years) time-scales than has commonly been the case to date, as well as in larger river systems, from source to sink. Studies of Quaternary systems in depositional basin settings are especially critical because they can provide realistic analogues for interpretation of the pre-Quaternary rock record.

Fluvial responses to climate and sea‐level change: a review and look forward

The human role in changing river channels

A comprehensive database of radiocarbon dated fluvial units in Great Britain, Poland and Spain has been compiled to investigate the relationship between environmental change, flooding and Holocene river dynamics. Following the methodology recently developed by Macklin and Lewin [Macklin, M.G., Lewin, J., 2003. River sediments, great floods and centennial-scale Holocene climate change. Journal of Quaternary Science 18, 101–105], radiocarbon dates in fluvial sequences that coincide with a modification in sedimentation rate, or style, have been highlighted, allowing geomorphologically significant changes in Holocene river activity to be identified. Data analysis has been undertaken at both national and sub-national scales, and on catchments of different size, type and land-use history. Multiple phases of higher flood frequency, characterized by accelerated erosion and sediment deposition on floodplains, are recognized and compared with a range of climate proxies. The relative and varying roles of climate and land-use on river dynamics are considered and the value of the database for reconstructing past hydrological events, as well as for predicting river response to future environmental change, is assessed.

Past hydrological events reflected in the Holocene fluvial record of Europe

Palaeohydrology and the hydrological sciences palaeohydrological research strategies palaeohydrological interpretations from depositional sequences and geomorphological changes palaeohydrology and environmental changes late pleistocene palaeohydrology tropical zone palaeohydrology response of extreme events to climate change.

Palaeohydrology and Environmental Change

River channel changes

River Channel Management is the first book to deal comprehensively with recent revolutions in river channel management. It explores the multi-disciplinary nature of river channel management in relation to modern management techniques that bear the background of the entire drainage basin in mind, use channel restoration where appropriate, and are designed to be sustainable. River Channel Management is divided into five sections: The Introduction outlines the need for river channel management. Retrospective Review offers an overview of twentieth century engineering methods and the ways that river channel systems operate. Realisation explains how greater understanding of river channel adjustments, channel hazards and river basin planning created a context for twenty-first century management. Requirements for Management explains and examines environmental assessment, restoration-based approaches, and methods that work towards 'design with nature'; Final Revision speculates about prospects for twenty-first century river channel management. River Channel Management is written for higher-level undergraduates and for postgraduates in geography, ecology, engineering, planning, geology and environmental science, for professionals involved in river channel management, and for staff in environmental agencies.

River Channel Management: Towards sustainable catchment hydrosystems

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