The purpose of this article is to expose the concept of collaborative planning to the reality of planning, thereby assessing its efficacy for informing and explaining what planners `really' do and can do. In this systematic appraisal, we begin by disaggregating collaborative planning into four elements that can enlighten such conceptual frameworks: ontology, epistemology, ideology and methodology. These four lenses help delimit and clarify the object of our examination and provide transparent criteria that guide our examination of collaborative planning's strengths and weaknesses. The second part of this article comprises an empirical investigation of planning processes in Northern Ireland, ranging from region-wide to local and from statutory to visionary. Planning efforts in this province make suitable test cases because special care has been invested in participatory deliberation processes to compensate for the democratic deficits in its mainstream political system. Such efforts have sought to ensure a ...

/pdf/collaborative-planning-in-an-uncollaborative-world-436m0qnda8.pdf

Collaborative planning in an uncollaborative world

Belfast: Segregation, Violence and the City

With a growing and especially fragmented body of literature on social innovations, the demand for categorizing the field increases. This study analyzes the current use of the concept social innovation. Following a systematic conceptual literature review methodology, the authors reviewed articles and books. The elements were then grouped in coherent categories. The authors found seven categories of social innovation that are linked to a distinct understanding of the concept. After presenting the categories and major themes which are discussed within each category, the different categories are set in context with each other. Subsequently, the authors discuss how the most prominent conceptualizations meet the criteria of concept clarity. Finally, the authors point to some aspects that are necessary in the future in order to strengthen the clarity of the social innovation concept.

Mapping the Various Meanings of Social Innovation: Towards a Differentiated Understanding of an Emerging Concept

The promotion of space sharing in order to raise the quality of community living and safety of street surroundings is increasingly accepted feature of modern urban design. In this context, the development of a shared space simulation tool is essential in helping determine whether particular shared space schemes are suitable alternatives to traditional street layouts. A simulation tool that enables urban designers to visualise pedestrians and cars trajectories, extract flow and density relation in a new shared space design, achieve solutions for optimal design features before implementation, and help getting the design closer to the system optimal. This paper presents a three-layered microscopic mathematical model which is capable of representing the behaviour of pedestrians and vehicles in shared space layouts and it is implemented in a traffic simulation tool. The top layer calculates route maps based on static obstacles in the environment. It plans the shortest path towards agents’ respective destinations by generating one or more intermediate targets. In the second layer, the Social Force Model (SFM) is modified and extended for mixed traffic to produce feasible trajectories. Since car movements are not as flexible as pedestrian movements, velocity angle constraints are included for cars. The conflicts described in the third layer are resolved by rule-based constraints for shared space users. An optimisation algorithm is applied to determine the interaction parameters of the force-based model for shared space users using empirical data. This new three-layer microscopic model can be used to simulate shared space environments and assess, for example, new street designs.

/pdf/modelling-shared-space-users-via-rule-based-social-force-12zv3pz7q9.pdf

Modelling shared space users via rule-based social force model

https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/84644886/Boland_Bronte_and_Muir_2016_.pdf

On the waterfront: Neoliberal urbanism and the politics of public benefit

This paper examines relevant characteristics of the ‘contested city’ and the concept of ‘public space’ in that problematic context. It offers an appraisal of the historical and contemporary role of urban design in shaping social space and interrogates the feasibility of using urban design to facilitate more integrated cityscapes. It presents detailed case studies of two ‘contested cities’, Nicosia and Belfast, based on content analysis of policy and planning documents, extensive site analyses in both places, interviews and seminar discussions with policy makers, planners, community and civic leaders. The paper comprises four dimensions—conceptual, descriptive, analytical and prescriptive—and in its final section identifies core values and relevant policies for the potential achievement of shared space in contested cities.

Creating Shared Public Space in the Contested City: The Role of Urban Design

Urban development corporations were icons of 1980s liberation management and free enterprise property development (Thornley, 1991). But the legacy of the development corporation is a contested one....

The social turn and urban development corporations

The turn within urban policy to address increasingly complex social, economic and environmental problems has exposed some of the fragility of traditional measurement models and their reliance on the rational paradigm. This article looks at the experiences of the European Union (EU) Programme for Peace and Reconciliation in Northern Ireland and its particular attempt to construct new District Partnerships to deliver area-based regeneration programmes. It highlights the need to combine instrumental and interpretative evaluation methods in an attempt to explain the wider contribution of governance to conflict resolution and participatory practice in local development. It concludes by highlighting the value of conceptual approaches that deal with the politics of evaluation and the distributional effects of policy interventions designed to create new relationships within and between multiple stakeholders.

Instrumental and Interpretative Methods in Evaluating Urban Programmes

This chapter explores the diverse contribution of culture in regenerating a city like Belfast, badly divided both in social and sectarian terms. Beginning with a brief historical account of Belfast’s industrial development, it identifies the sequence of planning initiatives in more recent decades in order to reshape the city in a more post-industrial period. It notes the emphasis accorded the city centre as an assumed neutral space capable of accommodating new growth in the service sector, and the relationship between this revitalisation and the prospects of the city’s most deprived communities. At this point, the chapter considers the potential of the cultural industries in the city as a whole, and in particular in those communities, such as West Belfast, most scarred by economic restructuring and political violence. There is a problem here. The very term ‘cultural industries’ is ill-defined. Clearly, this sector is significant and growing. But, at the most generous interpretation, it can include every barman and waiter working at the interface between tourism and the cultural sector. However, whatever the problem with precision in this regard, the chapter considers the capacity of Belfast to deploy the sector as a contribution to regeneration (especially through the notion of a ‘cultural corridor’) while coping with deep social and sectarian division. Outlining the difference between ethnic, neutral, transcendent and shared cultural space, it examines the possibility of a city whose international appeal could rest with a more multicultural future, where diversity is prized as a social and economic asset.

Remaking the City: the Role of Culture in Belfast

This article provides a contextual framework for the new agenda for development, represented in the economic strategy known as Strategy 2010, and the regional spatial plan known as Shaping Our Future. These are considered in the following two articles. This article begins by setting a perspective on the political economy of Northern Ireland and follows with an outline of the spatial planning process. In conclusion, it raises the key challenges facing attempts to renew the region.

Northern Ireland:The Development Context

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