Soft Energy Paths: Toward a Durable Peace

Unnatural Law: Rethinking Canadian Environmental Law and Policy

At a Watershed is a collaborative project involving both The POLIS Project on Ecological Governance and the Environmental Law Centre at the University of Victoria. This report examines sustainable water management in the broader context of governance and provides
a blueprint for a national water management strategy.

/pdf/at-a-watershed-ecological-governance-and-sustainable-water-6vikgcfnks.pdf

At a Watershed: Ecological Governance and Sustainable Water Management in Canada

A case-based distance model to solve sorting problems in multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is developed, and its application in water resources management is presented. The sorting problem in MCDA is to arrange a set of alternatives into ordered groups. MCDA is introduced as consequence-based preference aggregation, whereby consequence and preference expressions (values and weights) are defined and combined in a sequence of steps. Then, sorting problems are defined, and some properties are explained. Based on weighted Euclidean distance, two case-based distance models are developed for sorting using weights and group thresholds obtained by assessment of a case set provided by a decision maker (DM). This case-based method can elicit the DM's preferences more expeditiously and accurately than direct inquiry. Case-based sorting model I is designed for cardinal criteria, while its extension, i.e., case-based sorting model II, can handle both cardinal and ordinal criteria. Optimization programs are employed to find the most descriptive weights and group thresholds. A case study in which Canadian municipalities are sorted according to water usage is presented.

Multiple-Criteria Sorting Using Case-Based Distance Models With an Application in Water Resources Management

Even in water-rich Canada, many jurisdictions are having trouble providing adequate, clean fresh water as their populations not only grow but exhibit higher expectations for water availability and water safety. The conventional approach to such problems accepted the history of constantly growing demand for water and responded by extending pipelines, constructing more dams and drilling deeper. The alternative to this engineering approach is to put greater emphasis in demand-side policies promoting water efficiency and conservation. Full-cost pricing along with better information and education programs can help a great deal, but will not likely be sufficient to meet future water problems. Fortunately, there is a stronger, albeit normative, demand-side alternative called the water soft path, which is modelled on the highly successful approach known as the soft energy path. Soft paths can be described as approaches to natural resources management that rely on a multitude of relatively small-scale and renewa...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.4296/cwrj300183

Beyond Greater Efficiency: The Concept of Water Soft Path

With the publication of this report, the ‘water team’ at POLIS
will have completed a trio of studies introducing Canadians to the
problem of overconsumption of water in the country's cities and,
now, to a range of potential solutions. With the thorough research and
writing skills of both Oliver and Researcher Keith Ferguson, the
present report offers tangible new directions for urban water planning, and detailed techniques for accomplishing it.

The Future in Every Drop: The Benefits, Barriers and Practice of Urban Water Demand Management in Canada

The authors would like to express their thanks to the Walter and Duncan Gordon Foundation for its support of this project.

/pdf/flushing-the-future-examining-urban-water-use-in-canada-2zoy8vckxa.pdf

Flushing the Future? Examining Urban Water Use in Canada

The existing Scoggins Dam and reservoir are in Washington County, Oregon, and the title is held by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation). Reclamation has previously identified dam safety concerns related to the existing embankment dam. Regional project sponsors, including Clean Water Services, have identified the need for expanded storage capacity in the reservoir to meet growing water demands and address water quality issues in the Tualatin River downstream of the dam. As part of efforts to resolve dam safety issues and increase the water storage in the reservoir, a comprehensive feasibility level design of a new 185-foot-high Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) dam. Extraordinary seismic hazards have been identified in the region associated with the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ). Further, any dam alternative carried forward for funding, final design, and construction will have to meet the Public Protection Guidelines (PPG) of Reclamation that require a formal quantitative risk analysis. A risk-informed design approach was adopted to configure the layout and cross-section properties of the dam. A multi-phase site characterization program and preliminary RCC mix design program were performed to support the design. In addition, models were developed, and an extensive suite of both (two-dimensional) 2D and (three-dimensional) 3D structural analyses were performed for seismic loadings with total durations of over 200 s, strong shaking of over 140 s, and peak ground accelerations of over 2 gravitational accelerations (g) (up to 50,000-year return period event). This paper describes the feasibility design configuration of the dam, including the seismic hazard characterization, structural analysis models, and seismic response modeling results. The expected performance of the dam relative to the risk-informed design criteria and Reclamation PPGs will be generally described.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/1/116/pdf?version=1672308262

Risk-Informed Design of RCC Dams under Extreme Seismic Loading

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Papers

The Future in Every Drop: The Benefits, Barriers and Practice of Urban Water Demand Management in Canada

Flushing the Future? Examining Urban Water Use in Canada

Risk-Informed Design of RCC Dams under Extreme Seismic Loading