Magnetocaloric effect: From materials research to refrigeration devices

4D printing of materials for the future: Opportunities and challenges

Thermally responsive shape memory polymers have promising applications in many fields, especially in biomedical areas. In this study, a simple method was purposed to prepare thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) blends that possess shape memory attributes. TPU and PCL were melt compounded via a twin-screw extruder and injection molded at various ratios. Multiple test methods were used to characterize their shape memory properties and reveal the underling mechanism. The blends containing 25% TPU and 75% PCL possessed the best shape memory properties as indicated by a 98% shape fixing ratio and 90% shape recovery ratio. This was attributed to the hybrid crystalline and amorphous regions of PCL and TPU. We also found that PCL and TPU had good miscibility and that the PCL domain in TPU25% had higher crystallinity than neat PCL. The crystalline region in TPU25% could deform and maintain its temporary shape when stretched, which contributed to its high shape fixing attribute, while the rubbery TPU region assisted in the recovery of the sample upon heating by releasing the deformation energy stored. Moreover, the TPU25% string prepared could knot itself in a hot water bath, indicating a potential for suture applications. Lastly, the 3T3 fibroblast cells cultured on the TPU/PCL blends showed high viability and active substrate-cell interactions.

Shape memory thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) blends as self-knotting sutures

Biodegradable shape-memory polymers using polycaprolactone and isosorbide based polyurethane blends.

o-Bromobenzyl alcohol has been developed as a novel annulating reagent, bearing both nucleophilic and electrophilic substituents, for the facile synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A palladium/electron-deficient phosphine catalyst efficiently coupled o-iodobiphenyls or (Z)-β-halostyrenes with o-bromobenzyl alcohols to afford triphenylenes and phenanthrenes, respectively. The present cascade reaction proceeded through deacetonative cross-coupling and sequential intramolecular cyclization. An array of experimental data suggest that the reaction mechanism involves the equilibrium of 1,4-palladium migration.

Synthesis of Multisubstituted Triphenylenes and Phenanthrenes by Cascade Reaction of o-Iodobiphenyls or (Z)-β-Halostyrenes with o-Bromobenzyl Alcohols through Two Sequential C-C Bond Formations Catalyzed by a Palladium Complex.

The magnetic properties of the parent and martensite phases of the Ni2Mn1+xSn1-x and Ni2Mn1+xIn1-x ternary alloys and the magnetic field-induced shape memory effect obtained in NiCoMnIn alloys are reviewed, and our recent work on powder metallurgy performed for NiCoMnSn alloys is also introduced. The concentration dependence of the total magnetic moment for the parent phase in the NiMnSn alloys is very different from that in the NiMnIn alloys, and the magnetic properties of the martensite phase with low magnetization in both NiMnSn and NiMnIn alloys has been confirmed by Mossbauer examination as being paramagnetic, but not antiferromagnetic. The ductility of NiCoMnSn alloys is drastically improved by powder metallurgy using the spark plasma sintering technique, and a certain degree of metamagnetic shape memory effect has been confirmed.

/pdf/nimn-based-metamagnetic-shape-memory-alloys-142w5b04nj.pdf

NiMn-Based Metamagnetic Shape Memory Alloys

NiMn‐Based Metamagnetic Shape Memory Alloys

Functionalized aryl and heteroaryl zinc reagents were prepared from aryl iodides and diethylzinc through t-Bu-P4 base-promoted iodine–zinc exchange reactions. The scope and limitations of this protocol, and several applications for the synthesis of oligoaryls and fused aromatics, are presented.

Generation of Arylzinc Reagents Through an Iodine—Zinc Exchange Reaction Promoted by a Non-Metallic Organic Superbase.

Generation of arylzinc reagents through an iodine–zinc exchange reaction promoted by a non-metallic organic superbase

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NiMn-Based Metamagnetic Shape Memory Alloys

NiMn‐Based Metamagnetic Shape Memory Alloys

Generation of Arylzinc Reagents Through an Iodine—Zinc Exchange Reaction Promoted by a Non-Metallic Organic Superbase.

Generation of arylzinc reagents through an iodine–zinc exchange reaction promoted by a non-metallic organic superbase