Water pollution caused by oil spills or sewage discharges has become a serious ecological environmental issue. Despite the membrane separation technique having a promising application in wastewater purification, the membrane fabrication method and separation robustness have remained unsatisfactory until now. Herein, we developed a novel strategy, spacer-assisted sequential phase conversion, to create a patterned polyvinylidene fluoride@polypropylene (P-PVDF@PP) substrate membrane with a multiscale roughened surface. Based on that surface structure, the underwater oil resistance behavior of the P-PVDF@PP membrane was improved. Moreover, owing to the abundant active sites on the P-PVDF@PP surface, the polydopamine/P-PVDF@PP (PDA/P-PVDF@PP) Janus membrane could be readily fabricated via wet chemical modification, which exhibited excellent switchable oil–water separation performance. Regarding surfactant-stabilized oil-water emulsion, the as-prepared PDA/P-PVDF@PP Janus membrane also had robust separation efficiency (as high as 99% in the n-hexane/water, chloroform/water, and toluene/water emulsion separation cases) and desirable reusability. Finally, the underlying mechanism of emulsion separation in the PDA/P-PVDF@PP Janus membrane was specified. The as-designed PDA/P-PVDF@PP Janus membrane with high-efficiency oil–water separation shows potential application in oily wastewater treatment, and the developed fabrication method has implications for the fabrication of advanced separation membranes.

/pdf/rational-design-of-pda-p-pvdf-pp-janus-membrane-with-6qpug3ry.pdf

Rational Design of PDA/P-PVDF@PP Janus Membrane with Asymmetric Wettability for Switchable Emulsion Separation

Advancement in oil forensics through the addition of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles as biomarkers in diagnostic ratios.

Abstract Current oil spill forensic identification of source oils relies upon hydrocarbon biomarkers resistant to weathering. This international technique was developed by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), under EN 15522–2 Oil Spill Identification guidelines. The number of biomarkers have expanded at pace with technological advances, while distinguishing new biomarkers becomes more challenging due to interference of isobaric compounds, matrix effects, and high cost of weathering experiments. Application of high-resolution mass spectrometry enabled exploration of potential polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycle (PANH) oil biomarkers. The instrumentation showed reduction in isobaric and matrix interferences, allowing for identification of low-level PANH and alkylated PANHs (APANHs). Weathered oil samples, obtained from a marine microcosm weathering experiment, enabled comparison with source oils to identify new, stable forensic biomarkers. This study highlighted eight new APANH diagnostic ratios that expanded the biomarker suite, increasing the confidence for identifying highly weathered oils back to their source oil. 

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-023-10941-3.pdf

Enhancement of oil forensic methodology through the addition of polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycle biomarkers for diagnostic ratios

Oil spills have many adverse effects on the marine environment. Bilge oil spills occur frequently in the sea as a result of maritime accidents or illegal discharge. It is difficult to unambiguously identify the specific sources of such spills because bilge oil contains a mixture of fuel oil and lubricant . In this study, bilge oils with different fuel oil/lubricant ratios were prepared and analyzed using a modified version of the CEN/TR methodology (European Committee for Standardization, 2012). As the lubricant content of bilge oil increased, the intensity of the C20–C24 group, which is the commonly-used normalization compound group for fuel oil in the percentage weathering (PW) plot, also changed. Therefore, the mean area of the C15–C18 group, which was affected by the lubricant content, was used instead. Although heavy fuel oil is usually normalized to a hopane, bilge oil with a high lubricant content cannot be analyzed based on a mass spectrometry (MS)–PW plot; thus, heavy fuel oil-based bilge oil was normalized to a phytane in this study. Although hopanes and styrenes are unsuitable comparison compounds for heavy fuel oil-based bilge oil analysis, for light fuel oil-based bilge oil, hopanes and steranes could be applied as diagnostic ratio comparisons when the lubricant peak was clearly detected in the chromatograms of the spilled and suspected oil samples. By applying the CEN/TR methodology according to this approach, the similarities between spilled and suspected oil samples were more easily revealed. In addition, the field applicability of the proposed method was tested for four actual oil spills. • Bilge oil contains a mixture of lubricant is difficult to identify. • A modified CEN/TR methodology was applied to accurately identify the bilge oil. • In light fuel oil-based bilge oil, hopane was applied to diagnostic ratio comparisons. • In heavy fuel oil-based bilge oil, PW plot was normalized to C15–C18 and phytane. • The field applicability of the proposed method was tested for four actual oil spills. 

Identification of bilge oil with lubricant: Recent oil spill case studies.

Validation of a feature-based likelihood ratio method for the SAILR software. Part I: Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry data for comparison of diesel oil samples

Reference values for effective organic matter (EOM) values are used for calculating the organic matter input to soils. In order to update the EOM reference values of crop residues, biomass data was gathered from twelve common arable crops and an incubation experiment was conducted to determine humification coefficients, which is used to calculate the EOM input. The results of this study do not lead to a change in the current humification coefficients. This report proposes new reference values for (effective) organic matter andC:N ratio of crop residues. 

Reference values for arable crop residues : Organic matter and C:N ratio

Evaluation of light petroleum biomarkers for the 3rd edition of the European Committee for Standardization methodology for oil spill identification (EN15522-2)

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Identification of bilge oil with lubricant: Recent oil spill case studies.

Reference values for arable crop residues : Organic matter and C:N ratio

Evaluation of light petroleum biomarkers for the 3rd edition of the European Committee for Standardization methodology for oil spill identification (EN15522-2)