Design strategies and effect comparisons toward efficient piezocatalytic system

Piezocatalysis is an emerging technique that holds great promise for the conversion of ubiquitous mechanical energy into electrochemical energy through piezoelectric effect. However, mechanical energies in natural environment (such as wind energy, water flow energy, and noise) are typically tiny, scattered, and featured with low frequency and low power. Therefore, a high response to these tiny mechanical energies is critical to achieving high piezocatalytic performance. In comparison to nanoparticles or 1D piezoelectric materials, 2D piezoelectric materials possess characteristics such as high flexibility, easy deformation, large surface area, and rich active sites, showing more promise in future for practical applications. In this review, state-of-the-art research progresses on 2D piezoelectric materials and their applications in piezocatalysis are provided. First, a detailed description of 2D piezoelectric materials are offered. Then a comprehensive summary of the piezocatalysis technique is presented and examines the piezocatalysis applications of 2D piezoelectric materials in various fields, including environmental remediation, small-molecule catalysis, and biomedicine. Finally, the main challenges and prospects of 2D piezoelectric materials and their applications in piezocatalysis are discussed. It is expected that this review can fuel the practical application of 2D piezoelectric materials in piezocatalysis.

An Emerging Family of Piezocatalysts: 2D Piezoelectric Materials.

CoSe2/CoP with rich Se- and P-vacancies and heterogeneous interfaces (v-CoSe2/CoP) is grown on the surface of nickel foam via a two-step strategy: electrodeposition and NaBH4 reduction, which can be used as the cathode material in asymmetric supercapacitors. The SEM characterization reveals the honeycomb-like structure of the v-CoSe2/CoP, and the results of EPR, XPS and HRTEM reveal the existence of anionic vacancies and heterogeneous interfaces in the v-CoSe2/CoP. The as-fabricated v-CoSe2/CoP exhibits high specific capacitance (3206 mF cm-2 at 1.0 mA cm-2) and cyclic stability (91 % capacitance retention after 2000 cycles). An asymmetric supercapacitor is assembled by using the v-CoSe2/CoP and activated carbon (AC) as cathode and anode materials, respectively, which displays a high energy density of 40.6 Wh kg-1 at the power density of 211.5 W kg-1. The outstanding electrochemical performances of the v-CoSe2/CoP might be ascribed to the synergistic effects of Se- and P-vacancies and the heterogeneous interfaces in the v-CoSe2/CoP. 

Fabrication of CoSe2/CoP with rich selenium- and phosphorus-vacancies and heterogeneous interfaces for asymmetric supercapacitors.

The combination of photocatalysis and activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) can generate more active species and degrade pollutants more efficiently. The introduction of “memory catalysis” in the photocatalytic-activating PMS system can further improve the catalytic degradation ability in the dark environment, because the stored electrons (e−1) during photocatalytic process can release in darkness to continue the degradation. In this paper, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets on titanium dioxide/nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers (T/NC/MoS2 NFs) were prepared by electrospinning and hydrothermal treatment, and then silver (Ag) nanoparticles were deposited by photodeposition (PD) or dark deposition (DD) to form T/NC/MoS2@Ag NFs-PD and T/NC/MoS2@Ag NFs-DD, respectively. The influences of the two samples on the degradation of tetracycline (TC) and “memory catalysis” in photocatalytic-activating PMS systems were explored. The results show that T/NC/MoS2@Ag NFs-DD can remove TC more efficiently and reduce energy consumption. This is because the DD technology can effectively inhibit the growth and aggregation of Ag nanoparticles, thereby improving the e−1 storage capacity and the separation of photogenerated e−1 and holes (h+). Under outdoor solar irradiation, T/NC/MoS2@Ag NFs-DD showed excellent stability and high efficiency in catalytic degradation of a variety of organic pollutants. This study provides a new strategy to realize the efficient and energy-saving degradation of organic pollutants. 

Controllable growth of silver nanoparticles on titanium dioxide/nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber/molybdenum disulfide: Toward enhanced photocatalytic-activating peroxymonosulfate performance and “memory catalysis”

Molybdenum selenide (MoSe2) has recently attracted particular attention due to its room-temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) and related spintronic applications. However, not only does the FM mechanism of MoSe2 remain controversial, but also the synthesis of MoSe2 thin films with robust RTFM is still an unmet challenge. Here it is shown that using polymer-assisted deposition under appropriate growth conditions, large-scale (4 cm × 4 cm) synthesis of MoSe2 thin films with robust RTFM and a smooth surface (roughness average ∼0.22 nm) is possible. A new record-high saturation magnetization (6.69 emu g-1) is achieved in the prepared MoSe2 thin films, about 5 times the previously reported record (1.39 emu g-1) obtained in 2H-MoSe2 nanoflakes. Meanwhile, the coercivity of the MoSe2 films can be tuned down to a new record-low value (5.0 Oe), one-tenth of the previously reported record. Notably, detailed analysis combining the experimental findings and calculation results shows that the robust RTFM mainly comes from the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida (RKKY) interaction between the magnetic moments induced by abundant Mo vacancies (VMos) in the MoSe2 films. Our results give insights into the large-scale production and robust RTFM of MoSe2 thin films and may provide a platform for designing and fabricating spintronic materials and devices based on transition-metal dichalcogenides.

Large-scale fabrication and Mo vacancy-induced robust room-temperature ferromagnetism of MoSe2 thin films.

In this research, ultrathin MoSe2 nanosheets (MoSe2 NSs) with enriched selenium vacancy (Se-vacancy) were prepared by a HNO3-assisted exfoliation strategy. The features of synthesized catalysts were characterized by SEM, TEM,...

Synergetic contribution of enriched selenium vacancies and out-of-plane ferroelectric polarization in AB-stacked MoSe2 nanosheets as efficient piezocatalysts for TC degradation

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Synergetic contribution of enriched selenium vacancies and out-of-plane ferroelectric polarization in AB-stacked MoSe2 nanosheets as efficient piezocatalysts for TC degradation