Development, processing and applications of bio-sourced cellulose nanocrystal composites

Dibutyl phthalate release from polyvinyl chloride microplastics: Influence of plastic properties and environmental factors

Personal protective equipment (PPE) has been highly recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for self-protection during the disastrous SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Nevertheless, massive utilization of PPE encounters significant challenges in recycling and sterilizing the used masks. To tackle the associated plastic pollution of used masks, in this work, we designed a reusable, biodegradable, and antibacterial mask. The mask was fabricated by the electrospinning of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and cellulose nanofiber (CNF), followed by esterification and the deposition of a nitrogen-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) and TiO2 mixture. The fabricated mask containing photocatalytic N-TiO2/TiO2 reached 100% bacteria disinfection under either 0.1 sun simulation (200-2500 nm, 106 W m-2) or natural sunlight for only 10 min. Thus, the used mask can be rejuvenated through light irradiation and reused, which represents one of the handiest technologies for handling used masks. Furthermore, intermolecular interactions between PVA, PEO, and CNF enhanced the electrospinnability and mechanical performance of the resultant mask, which possesses a 10-fold elastic modulus and 2-fold tensile strength higher than a commercial single-use mask. The porous structures of electrospun nanofibers along with strong electrostatic attraction enabled breathability (83.4 L min-1 of air flow rate) and superior particle filterability (98.7%). The prepared mask also had excellent cycling performance, wearability, and stable filtration efficiency even after 120 min wearing. Therefore, this mask could be a great alternative to current masks to address the urgent need for a sustainable, reusable, environmentally friendly, and efficient PPE under the ongoing COVID-19 contagion.

Photocatalytic Rejuvenation Enabled Self-Sanitizing, Reusable, and Biodegradable Masks against COVID-19.

Characterizations and interfacial reinforcement mechanisms of multicomponent biopolymer based scaffold.

A completely green approach was adopted for the production of biocomposites of polylactic acid (PLA) and cellulosic fibers (CF) via functionalization of CF with an aqueous solution of poly(ethylene...

Green Processing Route for Polylactic Acid–Cellulose Fiber Biocomposites

Effect of the nanosilica content in the shell of coextruded wood-plastic composites to enhance the ultraviolet aging resistance

We undertook this study to understand reinforcement mechanism of short cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and long cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) as compatibility agents for improving the interfacial miscibility of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blends. The effects of the two cellulose nanofibers on the morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties of the polymer blends were compared systematically. The light transparency, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared results show that nanocellulose between PVA and PEO eliminated the negative effects generated by the immiscible interface through increased hydrogen bonding. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry results show that crystalline region reorganization around the interface facilitated the shift of the polymer blends from multiple phases to a homogeneous phase. According to the Halpin-Kardos and Quali models, we assumed that the potential for repairing the immiscible interface would have a larger effect than the potential of reinforcement. At the same concentration, polymer blends with CNCs showed greater light transparency, strength, modulus, and crystal structure than with those with CNFs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 135, 45896.

Interfacial modification mechanism of nanocellulose as a compatibilizer for immiscible binary poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(ethylene oxide) blends

The invention discloses a co-extrusion wood-plastic composite with an anti-static surface and a manufacturing method thereof. The anti-static co-extrusion wood-plastic composite is of a surface-core layer structure. The surface layer is an anti-static wood-plastic composite layer made of polyolefin plastic, wood fiber, an antistatic agent, a lubricating agent and a coupling agent. The core layer is a wood-plastic composite layer made of polyolefin plastic, wood fiber, a lubricating agent and a coupling agent. The raw materials are preliminarily mixed, the surface-layer materials are placed in a single-screw extruder, the core-layer materials are placed in a double-screw extruder, synchronous extrusion, forming and cooling are carried out after fusion plasticizing, and the co-extrusion wood-plastic composite with the anti-static surface is obtained. The obtained co-extrusion wood-plastic composite with the anti-static surface has the high surface anti-static ability and good mechanical property.

Co-extrusion wood-plastic composite with anti-static surface and manufacturing method thereof

Carbon black (CB) was used to fill the shell of wood high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composite to improve its antistatic properties and simultaneously maintain its mechanical properties. The conductivity analysis revealed that the percolation threshold of the CB in coextruded WPC was between 15% and 20%, and the surface resistivity of the sample containing 20% CB (CW-20) achieved the floor antistatic requirements of an electronic information system room and its support area according to GB/T 50174 (2017). The addition of CB into the shell of the coextruded WPC inhibited its crystallization. The mechanical properties of coextruded WPC were increased when the CB content was increased. The flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength of the CW-20 sample were increased by 21.6%, 10.8%, and 26.1%, respectively. In addition, the dosage of CB in regular WPCs was 6.71 times as much as that of coextruded WPCs, which achieved similar antistatic and mechanical properties of the two structural WPCs. These results demonstrated that the low CB filled shell of HDPE composite exhibited a large reduction in its surface resistivity and a significant enhancement in its mechanical properties, which expands the application of coextruded WPCs in flammable and explosive uses while also improving the antistatic and mechanical properties.

https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/download/BioRes_13_3_6356_Liu_Carbon_Black_Shell_High_Density_Composites/6236

Carbon Black Filled Shell of High Density Wood-Polyethylene Composites to Balance the Antistatic Properties and Mechanical Properties

Weathering of wood--plastic composites (WPCs) leads to discoloration and cracks, which greatly limits their outdoor application. In this study, light stabilizers (including UV-327, HS-944 and nano-SiO 2 ) were added to the shell of a co-extruded high-density polyethylene-based WPC to improve its anti-ultraviolet (UV) ageing properties and simultaneously to maintain its good mechanical properties. The results showed that UV-327 was the most effective light stabilizer for improving the mechanical and anti-UV ageing properties of the composites among the three stabilizers used. WPC samples combined with 2% UV-327 had the highest retention rates in flexural strength and also had the smoothest surface after 2500 h of UV ageing. The samples with 2% UV-327 added had the best protection for discoloration, showing the lowest values of Δ E * (colour difference) and Δ L * (luminescence) in all samples after 2500 h of UV ageing. WPC samples with 2% UV-327 were also oxidized the least after 2500 h of UV ageing. The results reported herein serve to enhance our understanding of the efficiency of light stabilizers in preventing UV degradation of WPCs, with a view to developing co-extruded WPCs with low cost, high anti-UV ageing properties and good mechanical properties for outdoor applications.

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.180074

Light stabilizers added to the shell of co-extruded wood/high-density polyethylene composites to improve mechanical and anti-UV ageing properties

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