This article is a literature review of recent advances in novel Fe-Mn based alloys, drawing specific examples on Hadfield and TWIP steels, and high entropy and shape memory alloys. A critical discussion of these alloys merits a uniform treatment owing to their remarkable mechanical attributes, i.e. a substantial combination of strength and ductility. It is interesting to note that their microscopic deformation mechanism also shares commonality in terms of twinning-dominated straining in addition to slip-based plasticity. In the past two decades alone, a synergy of materials science and mechanics based studies has significantly helped uncover the microstructural origin, effects of alloying etc. therein. In this paper, we discourse elaborately on the reported microstructure-property correlations. By surveying these developments, we point out how the current knowledgebase can pave the way for strategizing future materials advancements as well as expanding applications.

On deformation behavior of Fe-Mn based structural alloys

Micromanufacturing technologies of compact heat exchangers for hypersonic precooled airbreathing propulsion: A review

Experimental and numerical studies on heat transfer enhancement of microchannel heat exchanger embedded with different shape micropillars

The high plasma density and large fraction of ionized species created in a high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) discharge add new measures to control the sputtering process. We have studied the sputtering of TiB2 coatings by HiPIMS from a compound target in an industrial system. How the degree of ionized species effects coating microstructure and mechanical properties has been investigated by varying the pulse frequency between 200 Hz and 1000 Hz while keeping the average power constant at 2 kW. The coatings have a B/Ti atomic ratio ≥ 2.5 and a microstructure exhibiting 001 textured nanocolumnar grains with an amorphous B tissue phase in grain boundaries. Lower frequencies provide higher degree of ionization, which does, however, increase the compressive residual stress in the coatings. This results in harder coatings and the highest hardness of 49 GPa is measured for the coating deposited at 200 Hz (− 3.8 GPa residual stress). A change in texture from random orientation to 001 texture is achieved when going from regular dc sputtering to HiPIMS at a floating bias. Superhard (H = 43 GPa) TiB2 coatings with a relatively low compressive stress of about − 1 GPa can be deposited by HiPIMS at 1000 Hz using floating bias.

/pdf/influence-of-pulse-frequency-and-bias-on-microstructure-and-1ip3h5zncc.pdf

Influence of pulse frequency and bias on microstructure and mechanical properties of TiB2 coatings deposited by high power impulse magnetron sputtering

In this study, it is proposed that coarsening austenitic grains is a key criterion for achieving giant recovery strains in polycrystalline Fe-Mn-Si based shape memory alloys. In order to verify the hypothesis, the relationship between recovery strains and austenitic grain-sizes in cast and processed Fe-Mn-Si based shape memory alloys was investigated. The recovery strain of cast Fe-19Mn-5.5Si-9Cr-4.5Ni alloy with the coarse austenitic grains of 652 µm reached 7.7% while the recovery strain of one with the relatively small austenitic grains of 382 µm was only 5.4%. Moreover, a recovery strain of 5.9%, which is the highest previously published value for solution-treated processed Fe-Mn-Si based shape memory alloys, was obtained by coarsening the austenitic grains through only solution treatment at 1483 K for 360 min in a processed Fe-17Mn-5.5Si-9Cr-5.5Ni-0.12C alloy. However, its recovery strain was still 5.9% after thermo-mechanical treatment consisting of 10% tensile strain at room temperature and annealing at 1073 K for 30 min. This happens because annealing twins play a negative role, refining the austenitic grains, limiting the recovery strains to below 6%. In summary, coarse austenitic grains enable the achievement large recovery strains by two mechanisms. Firstly, the grains are bigger, and consequently there are fewer grain boundaries, and thus their suppressive effects of grain boundaries on stress-induced e martensitic transformation is reduced. Secondly, coarse austenitic grains are advantageous to introduce e martensite with single orientation and reduce the collisions of different martensite colonies, especially when the deformation strain is large. As such, the ceiling of recovery strains is dependent on the austenitic grain-sizes.

/pdf/key-criterion-for-achieving-giant-recovery-strains-in-3zjnhc9ocz.pdf

Key criterion for achieving giant recovery strains in polycrystalline Fe-Mn-Si based shape memory alloys

From micro- to nano-scale molding of metals: Size effect during molding of single crystal Al with rectangular strip punches

Low-profile, Cu-based microchannel heat exchangers (MHEs) with different geometric dimensions were fabricated, bonded and assembled. A transient liquid phase (TLP) process was used for bonding of Cu-based MHEs with total thicknesses ranging from 600 µm to 1700 µm. The structural integrity of TLP-bonded Cu MHEs was examined. Device-level heat transfer testing was performed on a series of Cu-based MHEs to study the influence of microchannel dimensions on overall heat transfer performance, corroborated by computational results from a simple 2D finite element analysis. The present results demonstrate the promise of low-profile metallic MHEs for high heat flux cooling applications.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0960-1317/20/11/115002/pdf

Fabrication, assembly and heat transfer testing of low-profile copper-based microchannel heat exchangers

Compression loading on CrN/Cu/Si(100) micropillars containing 45°-inclined interfaces yielded unequivocal evidence of shear plastic flow within Cu thin films confined between non-deforming Si and CrN. Confined shear plastic flow occurred over Cu thicknesses between ~100 and 1200 nm, with a monotonically increasing flow stress as the thickness decreases. The demonstration of a significant dependence of the shear flow stress on the confined Cu film thickness offers a new example of scale-dependent plasticity, and a new experimental test case for non-local plasticity theories.

Thickness dependence of flow stress of Cu thin films in confined shear plastic flow

We describe a new protocol for testing coating/substrate interfacial failures through compression loading of micro-pillars containing an inclined interface region, experimentally realized in the TiN/Ti/Si(100) system. Interfacial failures were achieved through direct compression loading in the axial direction, which yielded reproducible failure stresses which exhibited little dependence on the pillar diameter. The testing protocol lends itself to high-resolution analysis of failure surfaces, and is conducive to correlating interfacial structure and chemistry with mechanical failures within the coating/substrate interfacial region.

A new experimental approach for evaluating the mechanical integrity of interfaces between hard coatings and substrates

Size dependence of the plane-strain response of single-crystal Al to indentation by diamond wedges

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