The intrinsic time resolution of the beam-foil light source has been utilized in order to single out and to identify intercombination lines in the Mg i, Al i, and Si i isoelectronic sequences for ions with nuclear charge Z = 18–30 (Ar, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn). The method is described, and wavelength and lifetime data are presented. For the ions in the Al i and Si i sequences, the level positions of the high–spin term systems (lowest quartet and quintet levels, respectively) have been determined.

Intercombination lines in delayed beam-foil spectra

The available atomic data used for interpreting and modeling x-ray observations are reviewed The applications for these data can be divided into several levels of detail, ranging from compilations which can be used with direct inspection of raw data, such as line finding lists, to synthetic spectra which attempt to fit to an entire observed dataset simultaneously This review covers cosmic sources driven by both electron ionization and photoionization and touches briefly on planetary surfaces and atmospheres The applications to x-ray astronomy, the available data, and recommendations for astronomical users are all reviewed, and an attempt to point out the applications where the shortcomings are greatest is also given

http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Sept06/Kallman/paper.pdf

Atomic data for x-ray astrophysics

Spectroscopic investigations of the structure of highly ionised atoms have undergone significant developments in recent years. The experimental progress is largely due to the introduction of several powerful light sources, such as laser-produced plasmas. Tokamaks and beams of fast, excited ions. The results obtained with these laboratory devices complement the data from astrophysical observations of the solar corona and solar flares. The experimental techniques are described in some detail. The results are discussed with respect to energy level studies along isoelectronic sequences, inner-shell excited levels, forbidden transitions, lifetimes and transition probabilities as well as the results of spectroscopic studies of quantum electrodynamics, QED. The experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0034-4885/52/2/002/pdf

The spectroscopy of highly ionised atoms

Ionization potentials of atoms and ions from lithium to tin (z= 50)☆☆☆

The ion-sphere model for a strongly coupled dense plasma is applied to investigate the influence of plasma screening on the low-lying 2s 21 S0 → 2s2p 1 P o resonance and 2s 21 S0 → 2s2p 3 P o intercombination transitions of beryllium-like ions. Detailed computations have been performed for the ions O 4+ ,N e 6+ ,S i 10+ ,A r 14+ ,F e 22+ and Mo 38+ , based on multiconfiguration Dirac– Fock wavefunctions. The plasma screening is found to increase the excitation energy along the whole isoelectronic sequence, leading to a quite sizeable blueshift of these lines. For a given plasma density, the blueshift for the 1 S0 → 3 P o intercombination line is usually larger than that for the 1 S0 → 1 P o resonance line. For a given ion, moreover, the shift increases as the plasma density is enlarged, i.e. for a more and more strongly coupled plasma. In particular, the intensity ratio of the resonance-to-intercombination line appears sensitive with regard to the electron density in the plasma. The effect of a strongly coupled dense plasma on the oscillator strengths and emission rates is also reported.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-4075/40/2/002/pdf

Influence of dense plasma on the low-lying transitions in Be-like ions: relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock calculation

Spectral data and grotrian diagrams for highly ionized titanium, Ti V–Ti XXII

Wavelengths, intensities, and classifications for the molybdenum ions Mo VI to Mo XLII are compiled. A short review of the work on each stage of ionization is included. The data are critically evaluated and the best results, in our judgement, are quoted.

Spectral Data for Molybdenum Ions, Mo VI–Mo XLII

Wavelengths, energy levels, level classifications, intensities, and transition probabilities for the copper spectra Cu X to Cu XXIX are compiled. The data are critically evaluated and the best results, in the author’s judgment, are quoted. A short review of the work on each stage of ionization is included. Grotrian diagrams are also presented to provide graphical overviews. The literature has been surveyed to March 1990.

Spectral Data and Grotrian Diagrams for Highly Ionized Copper, Cu X‐Cu XXIX

Wavelengths, energy levels, level classifications, oscillator strengths, and atomic transition probabilities for the cobalt ions Co VIII to Co XXVII are tabulated. A short review is given for the wavelength measurements on each stage of ionization. Grotrian diagrams are also presented to provide graphical overviews. The literature has been surveyed to March 1990.

Spectral Data and Grotrian Diagrams for Highly Ionized Cobalt, Co VIII through Co XXVII

Spectral data and grotrian diagrams for highly ionized nickel, Ni IX-Ni XXVIII

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