Business Cycles: A Theoretical, Historical, and Statistical Analysis of the Capitalist Process.

The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity: Economic and Social Factors.

Entrepreneurial intention plays a major role in entrepreneurship academia and practice. However, little is known about the intentions of entrepreneurs in the social area of venture creation. This paper aims to formulate a well-organized model of social entrepreneurial intention.,The paper draws on intention models in entrepreneurship literature in general and social entrepreneurship in particular to identify gaps. Based on these findings, a new conceptual model is formulated.,There is no research to be found which uses the social cognitive career theory (SCCT) to explain about an individual’s intention to become a social entrepreneur, although this theory is recently suggested as an inclusive framework for entrepreneurial intention (Doan Winkel et al., 2011). It is also supportive by the empirical research of Segal et al. (2002). Therefore, a conceptual model of entrepreneurial intention in the field of social entrepreneurship is formulated based on adapting and extending the SCCT.,The paper contributes to the social entrepreneurship literature by providing new insights about social entrepreneurial intention. The result has important implications for theory and practice. In theory, it is the first model offering the SCCT as the background of formation for social entrepreneurial intention, with a distinct perspective of social entrepreneurship as a career. It raises a future direction for researchers to test this model. In practice, this framework provides a broad view of factors that could contribute to the success of the would-be a social entrepreneur.

A conceptual model of social entrepreneurial intention based on the social cognitive career theory

Stock market volatility spillovers and portfolio hedging: BRICS and the financial crisis

Digital entrepreneurship is an essential driver within the innovation system. It changes the structure, aims, and networking mechanisms of the overall business system and, ultimately, affects the various levels and dimensions of the innovation system. Bringing inevitable changes to the innovation system, digital technologies may not only provide new business opportunities but also be disruptive and cause new vulnerabilities. In order to gain a rigorous understanding of the hybrid concept of digital entrepreneurship and its role within the transformation of the innovation system, we conducted a systematic literature review. The results of 52 core papers allow for the identification of key categories of digital entrepreneurship and also its differentiation from other types of business activities. The analysis leads to the distinction of the determinants of digital entrepreneurship within three core dimensions of the innovation system, which encompass the entrepreneur (including, e.g., behavioral, competence. and mentality patterns, as well as personal outcomes and consequences of entrepreneurial activity), the entrepreneurial process (including activities that concern digitalization in organizational management processes, transformations within strategic and operational activities, and digital start-up establishment), and its relevant ecosystem (which encompasses, among others, the influence that external infrastructure and institutions have on digital entrepreneurship development). The systematization of the existing literature is highly relevant for future research that aims to understand the interrelations between the transformation of entrepreneurial structures within innovation systems as well as the socioeconomic system in general. Such understanding requires further extended research in fields related to method, content, and theory.

Digital Entrepreneurship and its Role in Innovation Systems: A Systematic Literature Review as a Basis for Future Research Avenues for Sustainable Transitions

We are living in a complex and dynamic world in which innovation and entrepreneurship are occupying a decisive role for economic development. According to Joseph Alois Schumpeter “carrying out innovations is the only function which is fundamental in history”. He also accented that It is entrepreneurship that ”replaces today’s Pareto optimum with tomorrow’s different new thing”. Schumpeter's words that entrepreneurship is innovation have never seemed so appropriate as the nowadays, when modern capitalism is experiencing a serious crisis and lost his strength during last subprime and euro-debt crises. The purpose of this paper is the analysis of the Schumpeter’s innovation concept in a context of “first” and “second” Entrepreneurship theory.

Schumpeter’s View on Innovation and Entrepreneurship

In the knowledge economy intangible resources are the primary value drivers. This is particularly true of companies such as Banks. However, intangible resources (Intellectual Capital) appear difficult to measure. Today, there are several methods that allows to measure Intellectual Capital in listed companies. However, not all methods of measurement are adequate for listed Banks. The paper uses the Value Added of Intellectual Coefficient VAIC™ ratio, to measure the Intellectual Capital efficiency of the Polish listed Banks using a five years period data set from 2005 to 2009. Three value efficiency indicators, Human Capital Efficiency (HCE), Capital Employed Efficiency (CEE) and Structural Capital Efficiency (SCE) which are the components of VAIC™ ratio, where used in the analysis. The data set was divided into two groups of banks. First group was 10 listed Polish Banks and second group was 10 listed comparable Banks from Europe (the peer group). The results of the rankings of the banks for the average of five years (2005-2009) showed that for VAIC™ the top two performers in the study were Komercni Banka and BRD Groupe Societe Generale S.A. The BCGE - Banque Cantonale de Geneve, Bankas Snoras and BOŚ Bank was the worst performers. The results of ranking based on Human Capital Efficiency (HCE), showed similar results as that of VAIC™. There was observed a significant decrease of VAIC™ ratio in the years 2008 and 2009 which was caused by crisis on financial markets. The results extend the understanding of the Intellectual Capital role in creation of sustainable advantages for Banks in developing economies.

/pdf/the-intellectual-capital-performance-of-polish-banks-an-81b6p0dgms.pdf

The Intellectual Capital Performance of Polish Banks: An Application of VAIC™ Model

Schumpeter’s growth theory (based on innovations, entrepreneurs, long waves and “creative destruction”) seems to be most adequate to discuss principles of the Knowledge Based Economy. In the paper author discussed assumptions of Schumpeter’s theory in three subsections: “Long waves” leading to the Knowledge Based Economy, Innovation as a core of Schumpeter’s economy and Neo-Schumpeterian “growth” as a pillar of Knowledge Based Economy. The purpose of this paper is the analysis of the Neo-Schumpeterian paradigms versus Knowledge Based Economy. Conclusions drawn from the study allow to state that definitions and concepts created by Schumpeter nearly over half of the century ago and Neo-Schumpeterians nowadays are perfectly in tune the objectives of the functioning of Knowledge Based Economy in XXI century.

/pdf/knowledge-based-economy-in-a-neo-schumpeterian-point-of-view-ds1zlwy40f.pdf

Knowledge Based Economy in a Neo-Schumpeterian Point of View

Kapitał intelektualny a wartość rynkowa banków giełdowych

The term „Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI)” has been increasingly used for over a decade. The RRI concept is not currently well defined. The theory of RRI is not developed enough and there are still conceptual divergences. This paper introduces the issue of Responsible Research and Innovation and addresses the following key questions: How do we define RRI? Where do we stand in terms of understanding the RRI dimensions presented in literature? What is the role of RRI in the university technology transfer activity? The study is based on literature search on the Scopus (www.scopus.com), EBSCO (www.ebsco.com), Google Scholar (scholar.google.com) and Google Books (books.google.com) databases to obtain articles published in peer reviewed journals, related to the concept of RRI and technology transfer. The search terms (for title and topic) were: responsible innovation, responsible research and innovation, RRI, technology transfer. Critical analysis of the state of knowledge allowed to propose a set of seven conceptual dimensions (inclusion, anticipation, responsiveness, reflexivity, sustainability, care and economic) of the Responsible Research and Innovation concept that may be implemented in technology transfer processes executed at universities. RRI concept is still under development. A discussion around the conceptual dimensions of RRI will be followed by the strategic challenges of universities. The study resulted in two conclusions. Firstly, the RRI concept may shift the focus of TTOs (Technology Transfer Offices) from outcomes (revenues, cash flow, rate of return, patents, license fee, etc.) to processes, which further leads to the second conclusion, that all seven presented conceptual dimensions should indicate particular types of processes in university TTO. Fulfillment of these two conclusions makes possible to implement RRI on University in a wider perspective, than just fulfill the requirements of administrative funders.

/pdf/responsible-research-and-innovation-in-the-context-of-4vwk8fky2y.pdf

Responsible Research and Innovation in the Context of University Technology Transfer

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