Background and objective Video games have become a popular source of entertainment among children and adolescents, not only targeting the young generation but also increasingly popular among older demographics as well. This study aimed to assess the association between video game addiction and depression, anxiety, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods This was a cross-sectional study involving Saudi adolescents aged 12-16 years. A self-administered online survey was distributed on social media (Twitter, WhatsApp, and Snapchat). The survey addressed sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., age, gender, area of residence city, etc.). Arabic versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (PHQ-GAD7), the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS), and the seven-item Game Addiction Scale (GAS-7) questionnaires were distributed as well, including Arabic terms for depression, anxiety, and ADHD. Results A total of 393 surveys were completed (males: 58.3% vs. females: 41.7%). Of note, 63.1% of the respondents reported playing video games every day with an average of more than five hours of gaming time per day (25.2%). The prevalence of video game addiction was 62.1%. Independent risk factors of video game addiction included being young in age, playing video games every day, playing more than three hours per day, and playing multiplayer games. Furthermore, our findings suggest that a higher video game addiction score is correlated with higher scores in inattention, anxiety, and depression. Conclusion This study found a high prevalence of video game addiction among Saudi children and adolescents. Excessive video game playing negatively influences mental health and leads to issues including anxiety, depression, and ADHD. Also, younger males with an increased rate of regular playtime were more likely to exhibit video game addiction in comparison to the rest of the population. Further research is required to more comprehensively assess the prevalence rate of video game addiction and its effect on the mental health of the younger generation within the region.

The Prevalence of Video Game Addiction and Its Relation to Anxiety, Depression, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children and Adolescents in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Abstract Background Addiction is a medical condition characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli, despite adverse consequences and is considered a disorder of the brain’s reward system. Exercise addiction (EA) involves excessive concerns for exercise routines, an abusive practice, and the inability to control one’s own behavior, as well as the presence of psychological processes that are typical of behavioral addictions such as abstinence. The aim of the study is to translate and validate the Exercise Dependence Scale 21 Manual and also to detect the presence of sports addiction among a sample of Egyptian sports clubs’ attendants and to find out the rate of Internet and video gaming addiction among them. Results The Exercise Dependence Scale 21, Internet Addiction Test (IAT) Scale and Video Gaming Addiction Scale were used on a convenient sample regularly practicing sports. The participants were divided into 3 groups according to the result of (EDS21-M): (a) sports addicts (exercise-dependent), (b) symptomatic at risk, and (c) control group (asymptomatic non-dependent). The average age of the group of sports addicts was 28.67 years, 88% of the sample were males, the control group showed significantly higher incidence of problematic gaming of 40.8 % compared to only 33.33% among sports addicts, and higher levels of potential problematic Internet use of 28.57% versus 21.43% in the symptomatic at risk of sports addiction and 22.22% in the sports addicts and also 78.43% of cases with sports addiction or symptomatic at risk had normal Internet use versus 71.43% of the control group. The addicted gamers represented 3.92% of the sports addiction and those symptomatic at risk, and 82.35% of the same group showed no problem with video gaming addiction. There were no correlations between exercise dependence and Internet addiction Conclusions Being addicted to sports may absorb most of the time and energy of the person and compensate him psychologically and in physically and mentally healthy ways than to be indulging and spending the time and effort in video gaming and Internet in a pathological addictive way. 

/pdf/a-study-of-relation-between-sports-addiction-internet-use-7cw855cw.pdf

A study of relation between sports addiction, Internet use, and video gaming among a sample of Egyptian sports clubs’ attendants

Background: Adolescence is a critical, multifactorial developmental phase. With the current pandemic of COVID-19, excessive using of electronic devices is a public health concern. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between depression and the use of electronic devices among secondary school children in Jazan, Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The study is an observational, cross-sectional study. Data was collected using an anonymous online survey instrument. including the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Results: A total of 427 participants were included in the study. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in our study was 14.55%, 12.01%, and 15.55%, respectively. For the hours spent on electronic devices, 13.6% of participants spent 1–4 h, 43.6% spent 5–9 h, and 42.9% spent 10 h or more. 86.7% reported an increase in their use of electronic devices during COVID-19. The regression analysis revealed that the increase of Videogame Addiction Scale for Children is significantly associated with an increase in Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scores (p-value 

https://www.techscience.com/IJMHP/v24n2/46570/pdf

Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Their Association with the Use of Electronic Devices among Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Hikikomori, a form of severe social withdrawal has been found to be associated with behavioral addictions such as gaming addiction and problematic social media use (PSMU). Since literature related to hikikomori is lacking in the Middle East, this study aimed to determine whether there are significant differences in hikikomori-like traits between two different types of social media users and gamers and investigate loneliness as a potential mediator between hikikomori and the two types of problematic behaviors. A cross-sectional, correlational design was employed, collecting a final sample of 220 participants residing in Middle Eastern countries using a mixture of convenience and snowball sampling. Results showed that passive social media users demonstrated significantly greater hikikomori-like traits compared to active users. Furthermore, hikikomori-like traits exhibited significant positive associations with problematic gaming, PSMU, and loneliness. Two separate mediation analyses, the first with PSMU and a second with problematic gaming as predictors, revealed that loneliness acted as a significant mediator between both these problematic behaviors and hikikomori-like traits. 

Hikikomori in the Middle East: The role of problematic gaming, social media use, and loneliness

Objectives: This study is aimed to translate the game addiction scale for adolescents into Arabic language and to test reliability and validity of the Arabic version. The game addiction scale for adolescents was developed to measure computer and video game addiction based on the criteria of pathological gambling in DSM-IV. Methods: The scale has been translated into Arabic. The English and Arabic versions were compared by psychiatry experts to ensure consistency and then they were administered to bilingual individuals who played computer and video games. Finally, the Arabic version was distributed among 50 school students, aged 10 to 19 years, who played computer and video games. Results and Conclusions: The data were collected from school students. The statistical analysis of the Arabic version of game addiction scale for adolescents showed that the Arabic/English validity was satisfactory, with proper internal consistency and reliability.

Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents: Arabic Version Validation

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Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents: Arabic Version Validation