Recent Progress of Vacancy Engineering for Electrochemical Energy Conversion Related Applications

A critical review on transition metal phosphide based catalyst for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction: Gibbs free energy, composition, stability, and true identity of active site

Strategies on improving the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performances of metal phosphides

Energy shortages and greenhouse effects are two unavoidable problems that need to be solved. Photocatalytically converting CO2 into a series of valuable chemicals is considered to be an effective means of solving the above dilemmas. Among these photocatalysts, the utilization of black phosphorus for CO2 photocatalytic reduction deserves a lightspot not only for its excellent catalytic activity through different reaction routes, but also on account of the great preponderance of this relatively cheap catalyst. Herein, this review offers a summary of the recent advances in synthesis, structure, properties, and application for CO2 photocatalytic reduction. In detail, the review starts from the basic principle of CO2 photocatalytic reduction. In the following section, the synthesis, structure, and properties, as well as CO2 photocatalytic reduction process of black phosphorus-based photocatalyst are discussed. In addition, some possible influencing factors and reaction mechanism are also summarized. Finally, a summary and the possible future perspectives of black phosphorus-based photocatalyst for CO2 reduction are established.

A Critical Review on Black Phosphorus-Based Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Application.

The separation and transfer of photoelectrons is a crucial factor in the process of photocatalysis. Herein, we successfully designed and prepared WP as a cocatalyst, modified the g-C3N4(CN)/CdS heterojunction structure, achieved the effective separation and directional transfer of photoelectrons, and also efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. In addition, the as-prepared WP–CN/CdS composite photocatalyst not only prominently improved the separation and pre-assigned transfer of photogenerated electrons, but also had abundant surface active sites, which greatly improved the photocatalytic performance of the catalyst; namely, the highest photocatalytic activity of WP–CN/CdS was achieved at 5% WP content and the highest hydrogen production rate could reach 18 238.89 μmol h−1 g−1, which is about 12.49 times that of pure CdS. The detailed characterization studies with SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, DRS, UV–vis, BET, transient photocurrent, FT-IR etc. effectively supported the abovementioned results, and all the characterization results were in good agreement with each other. Moreover, a possible mechanism of the photocatalytic reaction in the WP–CN/CdS system is proposed.

Photoelectron directional transfer over a g-C3N4/CdS heterojunction modulated with WP for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Tungsten phosphide (WP) nanoparticles with tunable crystallinity, W vacancies, and electronic structures for hydrogen production

Template-free synthesis of porous Mo3P/MoP nanobelts as efficient catalysts for hydrogen generation

Hydrogen is considered a clean and sustainable alternative energy source in future, and transition metal phosphides as substitutes for Pt-based electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) have received widespread attention. However, exploring a facile way to synthesize efficient catalysts is still a challenge. In this work, we found a simple and safe way to obtain tungsten phosphide (WP) and the influence of synthesis temperature was also investigated. Moreover, with the modification of Ketjen Black, WP/KB heterostructures were gained, which showed an excellent HER performance in both acidic and alkaline solutions with Tafel slopes of 60 mV dec−1 and 66 mV dec−1, respectively. Furthermore, a possible improvement mechanism was also discussed.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2053-1591/aac919/pdf

Facile synthesis of Tungsten Phosphide/Ketjen Black Hybrid Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Production

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Tungsten phosphide (WP) nanoparticles with tunable crystallinity, W vacancies, and electronic structures for hydrogen production

Template-free synthesis of porous Mo3P/MoP nanobelts as efficient catalysts for hydrogen generation

Facile synthesis of Tungsten Phosphide/Ketjen Black Hybrid Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Production