Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a severe pregnancy complication for both the woman and the child. Women who suffer from GDM have a greater risk of developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) later in life. Identification of any potential biomarkers for the early prediction of gestational diabetes can help prevent the disease in women with a high risk. Studies show microRNA (miRNA) as a potential biomarker for the early discovery of GDM, but there is a lack of clarity as to which miRNAs are consistently altered in GDM. This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate miRNAs associated with GDM by comparing GDM cases with normoglycemic controls. The systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines with searches in PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. The primary search resulted in a total of 849 articles, which were screened according to the prior established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Following the screening of articles, the review was based on the inclusion of 35 full-text articles, which were evaluated for risk of bias and estimates of quality, after which data were extracted and relative values for miRNAs were calculated. A meta-analysis was performed for the miRNA species investigated in three or more studies: MiR-29a, miR-330, miR-134, miR-132, miR-16, miR-223, miR-155, miR-122, miR-17, miR-103, miR-125, miR-210, and miR-222. While some miRNAs showed considerable between-study variability, miR-29a, miR-330, miR-134, miR-16, miR-223, and miR-17 showed significant overall upregulation in GDM, while circulating levels of miR-132 and miR-155 were decreased among GDM patients, suggesting further studies of these as biomarkers for early GDM discovery.

/pdf/circulating-microrna-as-biomarkers-for-gestational-diabetes-3fpykuox.pdf

Circulating microRNA as Biomarkers for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Background The association between TCF7L2 and CAPN10 gene polymorphisms and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been explored in diverse populations across different geographical regions. Yet, most of these studies have been confined to a limited number of loci, resulting in inconsistent findings. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive review of published literature to identify studies examining the relationship between TCF7L2 and CAPN10 gene polymorphisms and the incidence of GDM in various populations. We specifically focused on five loci that were extensively reported in a large number of publications and performed a meta-analysis. Methods We prioritized the selection of SNPs with well-documented correlations established in existing literature on GDM. We searched eight Chinese and English databases: Cochrane, Elton B. Stephens. Company (EBSCO), Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and China Science and Technology Journal Database and retrieved all relevant articles published between the inception of the database and July 2022. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the selected articles, and the odds ratio (OR) was used as the combined effect size index to determine the association between genotypes, alleles, and GDM using different genetic models. Heterogeneity between the studies was quantified and the I 2 value calculated. Due to large heterogeneities between different ethnic groups, subgroup analysis was used to explore the correlation between genetic polymorphisms and the incidence of GDM in the different populations. The stability of the results was assessed using sensitivity analysis. Begg’s and Egger’s tests were used to assess publication bias. Results A total of 39 articles reporting data on 8,795 cases and 16,290 controls were included in the analysis. The frequency of the rs7901695 genotype was statistically significant between cases and controls in the European population (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.65–0.86) and the American population (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.48–0.77). The frequencies of rs12255372, rs7901695, rs290487, and rs2975760 alleles were also considerably different between the cases and controls in the populations analyzed. Conclusions rs7903146, rs12255372, rs7901695, rs290487, and rs2975760 were associated with the incidence of GDM in different populations. 

Correlation between TCF7L2 and CAPN10 gene polymorphisms and gestational diabetes mellitus in different geographical regions: a meta-analysis

We aimed to provide an in-depth analysis with respect to three turning points in pancreas involvement in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP): hypercalcemia-induced pancreatitis (HCa-P), MEN1 (multiple endocrine neoplasia)-related neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and insulin resistance (IR). This was a comprehensive review conducted via a PubMed search between January 2020 and January 2024. HCa-P ( 

Turning Points in Cross-Disciplinary Perspective of Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Pancreas Involvements: Hypercalcemia-Induced Pancreatitis, MEN1 Gene-Related Tumors, and Insulin Resistance

BACKGROUND
The goal was to investigate the expression of plasma miR-221 and miR-320 in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to further explore the relationship between miRNA and risk factors for GDM.


METHODS
This study included 85 GDM and 85 age-matched normal pregnant women who visited our hospital from January 2019 to January 2020. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to determine the expression of miR-221 and miR-320 in the plasma of pregnant women. The correlation analysis was used to detect the relationship between miR-221, miR-320, and risk factors of GDM, including homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and the prepregnancy BMI. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to determine the diagnostic value of miR-320 and miR-221 in GDM.


RESULTS
Compared with normal pregnant women, the expression of miR-221 and miR-320 in GDM was significantly higher (p < 0.05). The results also demonstrate that the expression of miR-221 and miR-320 increases grad-ually with the development of pregnancy in GDM at 24 weeks, 28 weeks, and 32 weeks (p < 0.05). Spearman's correlation analysis confirmed that the expression level of miR-221 and miR-320 in the plasma of GDM is positively correlated with the HOMA-IR and HbA1c, but has no significant correlation with pre-pregnancy BMI. The area under the curve (AUC) values of miR-221 and miR-320 were 0.862 and 0.853, respectively. Meanwhile, the area under the combined detection curve is 0.904.


CONCLUSIONS
Plasma miR-221 and miR-320 are significantly elevated in GDM, and are positively correlated with HbA1c and HOMA-IR. The high expression of miR-221 and miR-320 in the peripheral plasma of pregnant women may directly or indirectly participate in the occurrence and development of GDM or may become a new target for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of GDM.

The Expression and Clinical Value of miR-221 and miR-320 in the Plasma of Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

BACKGROUND
This study aimed to explore the diagnosis and treatment strategies of eclampsia during pregnancy and postpartum acute pancreatitis caused by primary hyperparathyroidism.


METHODS
This study reported a 26-year-old patient who had maternal eclampsia as her first symptom and was admitted to the hospital. The pregnancy was terminated by cesarean section immediately. Postpartum life-threatening complications, such as severe hypercalcemia and acute pancreatitis, occurred afterward. Following completion of the relevant examination, primary hyperparathyroidism was initially considered to be the cause. Symptomatic treatment is ongoing and will be improved, and the patient will be admitted again for parathyroidectomy.


RESULTS
The patient gave birth to a premature neonate via cesarean section. The postpartum diagnosis was primary hyperparathyroidism, for which post-surgical pathology showed a parathyroid adenoma.


CONCLUSIONS
The clinical manifestations of pregnancy with primary hyperparathyroidism are atypical but may cause serious maternal and fetal complications. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can prevent serious prenatal and postnatal complications and foster better pregnancy outcomes.

Eclampsia as the First Manifestation of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: a Case Report.

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The Expression and Clinical Value of miR-221 and miR-320 in the Plasma of Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Eclampsia as the First Manifestation of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: a Case Report.