Fly ash modified magnetic chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol blend for reactive orange 16 dye removal: Adsorption parametric optimization.

The electrocoagulation (EC) of Congo red dye-containing wastewater was investigated, focusing on the optimization of operational parameters and process mechanism. The EC was conducted using iron electrodes and utilizing Congo Red (CR) dye as a model pollutant. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effect of operational parameters (initial dye concentration, pH and inter-electrode distance) and optimize the process. To provide insight into the process mechanism, quantum chemical analysis and FTIR were utilized. The process achieved 89% and 97% COD and color removal respectively under optimum conditions (1000 mg/L initial dye concentration, pH 3 and 3 cm inter-electrode distance). The electrical energy required to achieve the optimum COD removal was estimated to be about 36.9 kJ. The quantum analysis showed that CR with HOMO energy of −5.58 eV and Fe3+ LUMO energy of −15.09 eV exhibit electron donating and electron accepting tendency respectively. In addition, Fe3+ shares its LUMO with the HOMO of HO– due to the lower energy gap of −19.47 eV, which leads to the formation of monomeric coagulant such as Fe(OH)3 and the subsequent polymeric flocculants including Fe2(OH)24+ and Fe6(OH)153+. The FTIR analysis of the sludge indicates the presence of coagulant species i.e. Fe(OH)3, Fe(OH)2+, Fe(OH)2+ and Fe2(OH)24+ that are generated from the EC. The findings of this study show that quantum chemical analysis and RSM are suitable for investigating the mechanism and optimization of EC as applied to textile effluents.

Electrocoagulation of Congo Red dye-containing wastewater: Optimization of operational parameters and process mechanism

Evaluation of direct and alternating current on nitrate removal using a continuous electrocoagulation process: Economical and environmental approaches through RSM.

Electrocoagulation (EC) is one of the emerging technologies in groundwater and wastewater treatment as it combines the benefits of coagulation, sedimentation, flotation, and electrochemical oxidation processes. Extensive research efforts implementing EC technology have been executed over the last decade to treat chemical oxygen demand (COD)-rich industrial wastewaters with the aim to protect freshwater streams (e.g., rivers, lakes) from pollution. A comprehensive review of the available recent literature utilizing EC to treat wastewater with high COD levels is presented. In addition, recommendations are provided for future studies to improve the EC technology and broaden its range of application. This review paper introduces some technologies which are often adopted for industrial wastewater treatment. Then, the EC process is compared with those techniques as a treatment for COD-rich wastewater. The EC process is considered as the most privileged technology by different research groups owing to its ability to deal with abundant volumes of wastewater. After, the application of EC as a single and combined treatment for COD-rich wastewaters is thoroughly reviewed. Finally, this review attempts to highlight the potentials and limitations of EC. Related to the EC process in batch operation mode, the best operational conditions are found at 10 V and 60 min of voltage and reaction time, respectively. These last values guarantee high COD removal efficiencies of > 90%. This review also concludes that considerably large operation costs of the EC process appears to be the serious drawback and renders it as an unfeasible approach for handling of COD rich wastewaters. In the end, this review has attempted to highlights the potential and limitation of EC and suggests that vast notably research in the field of continuous flow EC system is essential to introduce this technology as a convincing wastewater technology.

A critical review of state-of-the-art electrocoagulation technique applied to COD-rich industrial wastewaters.

Using scrap zero valent iron to replace dissolved iron in the Fenton process for textile wastewater treatment: Optimization and assessment of toxicity and biodegradability.

Real indigo dyeing effluent decontamination using continuous electrocoagulation cell: Study and optimization using Response Surface Methodology

Optimization and mechanisms analysis of indigo dye removal using continuous electrocoagulation

In this work, color removal of a synthesized blue indigo dye using iron electrodes in continuous electrocoagulation process was studied. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize four investigated parameters: pH solution, absorbance solution or concentration, initial flow rate and voltage. The highest color removal efficiency was achieved at neutral pH range (7.5), at low absorbance (2.439 au), low flow rate (2 L/min), and at high voltage level (47 V). The higher correlation coefficient R2 (97.8%) and the ANOVA analysis confirm the high accuracy of the RSM model for the response. Under optimum conditions, the achieved color removal efficiency reached 93.972% which is in good agreement with the predicted model data 94.0834%. The calculated total cost was 0.0927 per m3 of treated effluent.

Optimization of Indigo Dye Removal by Continuous Electrocoagulation Process

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Real indigo dyeing effluent decontamination using continuous electrocoagulation cell: Study and optimization using Response Surface Methodology

Optimization and mechanisms analysis of indigo dye removal using continuous electrocoagulation

Optimization of Indigo Dye Removal by Continuous Electrocoagulation Process