Coupler jack-knifing and derailment of slave control locomotives in 20,000-tonne heavy-haul trains usually occur due to the combinations of large in-train forces with poor track conditions. This pa...

Experimental assessment of the dynamic performance of slave control locomotive couplers in 20,000-tonne heavy-haul trains:

The information that automated train control (ATO) systems use to improve safety and reduce power usage is limited by on-board and wayside monitoring applications and computing power. This paper presents an augmented digital twin for railway applications that enables real-time consideration of derailment risk in train operations. The augmented digital twin implements a surrogate model with the results of a massive multibody dynamics numerical program and machine learning models to predict the instantaneous wagon derailment risk. A case study for a heavy haul iron ore wagon with three-piece bogies was conducted to test the augmented digital twin. A multibody simulation numerical program comprising 2100 simulation cases was completed. The surrogate model was developed using linear, polynomial, decision tree and ensemble forest regression models on the results of the numerical program. A longitudinal train simulator was used to calculate the speed and lateral coupler force throughout a train trip. The surrogate model effectively predicted the derailment index for empty and loaded conditions accounting for lateral coupler forces, vehicle speeds and curve radius. The proposed augmented digital twin can be further developed to accomplish other train operational benefits such as the reduction of rail damage. 

Augmented digital twin for railway systems

In order to improve the adaptability of the coupler with arc surface contact to the demanding operating environment of heavy-haul trains, the compression stability mechanisms were analysed. The ang...

Research on the compression stability mechanism and its optimisation of coupler with arc surface contact

This paper proposes a new model of the cylindrical pin coupler and buffer system and then a more accurate train dynamic model to investigate the heavy-haul locomotive dynamic performance and runnin...

A new model for the dynamic analysis of heavy-haul locomotives with cylindrical pin coupler and buffer systems

Automatic AAR coupling mechanisms are used worldwide for the inter-connection of rail vehicles. Coupling failures, running instability, longitudinal jerks and other issues limit the usage of these coupling mechanisms. Couplers of these mechanisms require certain slack to facilitate appropriate coupling. The presence of slack even during coupled state allows the possibility of both translational and rotational motions of couplers inside the slack regime. Resulting interaction between contours of interacting coupler heads give rise to impacts and frictional rubbing actions. This study examines the implications of coupler slack on the longitudinal dynamics of rail vehicles. A simplified two degree of freedom model of such a coupling mechanism is developed, incorporating impacts and frictional actions. The study is limited to longitudinal motion, permitting only translational movement between couplers. Intermittent interactions between profiles contours at various contact points due to possible rotation between couplers are not considered. Instead, it is approximated by defining a single contact location manually. This contact location is utilised to estimate resultant impact and friction forces along the longitudinal direction. The coupler system is excited with a harmonic force and simulations are carried out for two explicit values of excitation frequency. It is observed that intermittent impacts and stick-slips resulting from slack are significant in the longitudinal force transfer between two vehicles and cause steep variations in acceleration, which in turn become the cause for jerks of considerable magnitude. Considerably higher magnitude jerks are observed at higher excitation frequencies than those at lower excitation frequencies. It is concluded that a smaller averaging sample time for acceleration is required for realistic jerk computations. 

Influence of slack of automatic AAR couplers on longitudinal dynamics and jerk behaviour of rail vehicles

Coupler jackknifing has caused a number of derailments, and it is a significant topic that needs in-depth studies. This paper aims to investigate the characteristics of coupler jackknifing and its ...

Analysis of coupler jackknifing and its effect on locomotives on a tangent track

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Analysis of coupler jackknifing and its effect on locomotives on a tangent track