http://staff.ustc.edu.cn/~fhuang/publications/2015/201509.pdf

Vanadium: Global (bio)geochemistry

With the development of economy, soil heavy metal pollution becomes more severe, which causes soil resource degradation and ecosystem deterioration. In this study, we present the locations with excessive contamination and analyze heavy metal polluted provinces, as well as the status and primary factors of heavy metal pollution in Guangxi, Fujian, Liaoning and Yunnan provinces, which contain the hotspots at the city level. Results indicate that the heavy metal concentration increased from north to south in China. Soil heavy metal pollution is typical in Northeast China; Also, it is widespread in southern China, with heavy metals exceeding the standard levels in Central, Southwest and South China. Heat map reveals that mineral exploitation and industrial production are the primary causes in the most severely polluted provinces, while sewage irrigation or irrational application of fertilizer is the cause in agricultural areas. Urban development in densely populated provinces has become the third main factor. In addition, transportation and household refuse are potential driving factors. Network analysis suggests combined remediation methods are widely applied to improve remediation efficiency. Among them, physical-chemical technology, chemical-biological technology and physical-biological technology occupy 27.1%, 18.9% and 10.7% in the above four provinces. In particular, combining phytoremediation and microbial remediation techniques is the main research direction in future because of its environmental friendly. In brief, our study provides accurate spatial information, primary sources and appropriate remediation alternatives for soil heavy metal pollution in China, benefiting soil resource protection and land utilization. 

Review of soil heavy metal pollution in China: Spatial distribution, primary sources, and remediation alternatives

In the present study, the activation of persulfate (PS) with vanadium (V) species for PCBs (2,4,4′-trichlorobiphenyl [PCB28]) degradation was investigated for the first time. It was found that V2O3 exhibited high catalytic activity toward PS decomposition for PCB28 degradation. Even under near neutral pH (7.4), PCB28 was efficiently degraded in V2O3/PS. Sulfate radical anions (SO4−) and hydroxyl radicals (OH) were produced from PS activation with V2O3 for PCB28 degradation, and were characterized with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique. Free radical quenching studies showed that ethanol inhibited PCB28 degradation, while tert-butyl alcohol enhanced PCB28 degradation via reductive dechlorination with alcohol radicals. The pathway of PCB28 degradation was proposed on the basis of GC–MS analysis of intermediates of PCB28 degradation in V2O3/PS. The mechanisms of PS activation are elucidated. It was found that V(III) in V2O3 activated PS to form SO4− and V(IV) (VO2) via electron transfer process, and the formed V(IV) further transferred an electron to PS to generate SO4− and V(V) (V6O13), which were supported with XRD analysis. Furthermore, both VO2 and V2O5 can activate PS for PCB28 degradation, indicating that V(IV) would be regenerated from the reduction of V(V) by persulfate ions (S2O82−) on the surface of V2O5 particles. These findings would help to better understand the interactions between naturally occurring V minerals and PS, and provide a novel activator for PS activation to degrade contaminants.

Activation of persulfate with vanadium species for PCBs degradation: A mechanistic study

Vanadium mining activities can cause contamination of the surrounding geological environment. Vanadium may exist in multiple matrices due to its migration and transformation, forming interactive relationships; however, the connection between vanadium distributions in multiple matrices and microbial community responses remains largely unknown. Vanadium is a redox‐sensitive metal that can be microbiologically reduced and immobilized. To date, bioremediation of vanadium‐contaminated environments by indigenous microorganisms has rarely been evaluated. This paper reports a systematic investigation into vanadium distributions and microbial communities in soils, water, and sediment from Panzhihua, China. Large vanadium contents of 1130.1 ± 9.8 mg/kg and 0.13 ± 0.02 mg/L were found in surface soil and groundwater. Vanadium in surface water tended to precipitate. Microbial communities isolated from similar environments were alike due to similarity in matrix chemistry whereas communities were distinct when compared to different matrices, with lower richness and diversity in groundwater. Proteobacteria was distributed widely and dominated microbial communities within groundwater. Redundancy analysis shows that vanadium and nutrients significantly affected metal‐tolerant bacteria. Long‐term cultivation (240 days) suggests the possibility of vanadium bioremediation by indigenous microorganisms, within acid‐soluble fraction. This active fraction can potentially release mobile vanadium with shifted redox conditions. Vanadium (V) was bio‐reduced to less toxic, mobile vanadium (IV) primarily by enriched Bacillus and Thauera. This study reveals the biogeochemical fate of vanadium in regional geological environments and suggests a bioremediation pathway via native vanadium‐reducing microbes.

/pdf/microbial-community-responses-to-vanadium-distributions-in-40qhhigavz.pdf

Microbial Community Responses to Vanadium Distributions in Mining Geological Environments and Bioremediation Assessment

Vanadium in soil-plant system: Source, fate, toxicity, and bioremediation.

Leaching characteristics of vanadium in mine tailings and soils near a vanadium titanomagnetite mining site.

Transcriptomic and metabolomic perspectives for the growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seedlings with the effect of vanadium exposure.

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Leaching characteristics of vanadium in mine tailings and soils near a vanadium titanomagnetite mining site.

Transcriptomic and metabolomic perspectives for the growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seedlings with the effect of vanadium exposure.