Dielectronic recombination (DR) rate coefficients for carbon-like Kr30+ have been measured over the collision energy of 0–60 eV using the heavy-ion storage ring CSRe at the Institute of Modern Physics in Lanzhou, China. The present DR spectrum covers the resonances associated with the 2s22p2[3P0]→2s22p2[3P1,2] , 2s2p3 and 2p4 (Δn=0) core excitations. The corresponding DR resonance energies and strengths have been calculated by using the flexible atomic code (FAC) to understand the measured results. An overall agreement has been obtained between the experiment and theory, except for the data at the collision energies below 7 eV and in 35–38 eV, where the electronic correlation effect is strong. In particular, the resonances from the trielectronic recombination due to 2s22p2+e−→2p4[1D2]6l have been identified with the help of the FAC calculation. Temperature-dependent plasma recombination rate coefficients were derived from the measured DR rate coefficients for the temperature range 103–107 K and compared with our FAC calculations as well as the previous AUTOSTRUCTURE calculations by Zatsarinny et al (2004 Astron. Astrophys. 417 1173–81). The FAC and AUTOSTRUCTURE calculations are in good agreement with the presently derived plasma rate coefficients. The present work provides the benchmark data for astrophysical and laboratory plasma modeling.

Dielectronic recombination rate coefficients of carbon-like Kr30+

Dielectronic recombination (DR) is one of the dominant electron–ion recombination mechanisms for most highly charged ions (HCIs) in cosmic plasmas, and thus, it determines the charge state distribution and ionization balance therein. To reliably interpret spectra from cosmic sources and model the astrophysical plasmas, precise DR rate coefficients are required to build up an accurate understanding of the ionization balance of the sources. The main cooler storage ring (CSRm) and the experimental cooler storage ring (CSRe) at the Heavy-Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) are both equipped with electron cooling devices, which provide an excellent experimental platform for electron-ion collision studies for HCIs. Here, the status of the DR experiments at the HIRFL-CSR is outlined, and the DR measurements with Na-like Kr25+ ions at the CSRm and CSRe are taken as examples. In addition, the plasma recombination rate coefficients for Ar12+, 14+, Ca14+, 16+, 17+, Ni19+, and Kr25+ ions obtained at the HIRFL-CSR are provided. All the data presented in this paper are openly available at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00092.

Absolute dielectronic recombination rate coefficients of highly charged ions at the storage ring CSRm and CSRe

High-precision high-voltage detuning system for HIAF-SRing electron target

The experimental study of precision spectroscopy of dielectronic recombination (DR) of highly charged ions is not only important for astronomical plasmas and fusion plasmas, but also can be used as a new precision spectroscopy method to test the strong-field quantum electrodynamic effect, measure isotope shift and extract the radius of atomic nuclei. An specially designed electron beam energy detuning system for electron-ion recombination precision spectroscopy experiments has been installed at the heavy ion storage ring CSRe in Lanzhou, where the electron-ion collision energy under the center-of-mass system can be detuned to 1 keV, and an independently-developed plastic scintillator detector and multiwire proportional chamber detector have been installed downstream of the electron cooler of the CSRe for the detection of recombined ions. The multiwire proportional chamber detector has the ability to non-destructively monitor the profile of the ion beam in real-time while acquiring the recombined ion counts, providing guidance for optimization of the ion beam. On this basis, the first test experiment of dielectronic recombination of Kr25+ ions has been carried out at the CSRe, and the dielectronic recombination rate coefficients in the range of 0-70 eV at the frame of center-of-mass were measured. In order to fully understand the experimental results, we calculated the dielectronic recombination rate coefficients of the Kr25+ ion using the Flexible Atomic Code (FAC) and made a detailed comparison with the experiment, which is in good agreement, and only the resonance energies of the two resonance peaks at 1.695 eV and 2.573 eV are significantly different. In addition, the DR resonance energies and intensities were obtained by fitting the experimental results in the range 0-35 eV, and we found that the transition 3s→4l (∆n=1) contributes significantly to the experimental spectral lines. Furthermore, we compare the plasma rate coefficients derived from the DR rate coefficients with those derived from the AUTOSTRUCTURE and FAC theories, which differ by 20 percent in the temperature range less than 106 K. The experimental results show that the DR experimental platform of the CSRe has very good stability and reproducibility, and can provide support for the future DR experiments of highly charged ion, i.e. for testing strong-field quantum electrodynamics effect and measuring the properties of atomic nuclei.

Dielectronic recombination experiment of Na-like Kr25+ at the heavy ion storage ring CSRe


 Dielectronic recombination (DR) is one of the dominant electron-ion recombination mechanisms for most highly charged ions (HCIs) in cosmic plasmas, and thus, it determines the charge state distribution and ionization balance therein. To reliably interpret spectra from cosmic sources and model the astrophysical plasmas, precise DR rate coefficients are required to build up an accurate understanding of the ionization balance of the sources. The storage rings CSRm and CSRe at the Heavy-Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) are both equipped with electron cooling devices, which provide an excellent experimental platform for electron-ion collision studies for HCIs. Here, the status of the DR experiments at the HIRFL-CSR is outlined, and the DR measurements with Na-like Kr25+ ions at the CSRm and CSRe are taken as examples. In addition, the plasma recombination rate coefficients for Ar12+, 14+, Ca14+, 16+, 17+, Ni19+, and Kr25+ ions obtained at the HIRFL-CSR are provided. All the data presented in this paper are openly available at https://www.scidb.cn/anonymous/UUpuSWZx.

The electron cooler at the experimental Cooler Storage Ring (CSRe) has been upgraded with an embedded electron energy fast detuning system for the merged-beams electron–ion collision experiments. A plastic scintillation detector (PSD) and a multi-wire proportional chamber (MWPC) detector have been developed and installed downstream of the electron cooler to detect the recombined and ionized ions in the electron–ion collision experiments at the CSRe. Both detectors have been tested successfully in a recent dielectronic recombination (DR) experiment of Na-like Kr25+ ions at the CSRe. In addition, the measured DR rate coefficients for Kr25+ ions from both detectors were compared with the flexible atomic code (FAC) calculations, and a very good agreement is achieved. The present experimental results demonstrate that the new experimental setups at the CSRe including the electron energy fast detuning system and the particle detectors have high stability and efficiency and meet the needs of the forthcoming electron–ion collision precision spectroscopy at the CSRe. 

Development of particle detectors for electron-ion collision spectroscopy with highly charged ions at the storage ring CSRe

Dielectronic-Recombination (DR) experiments of highly charged ions are performed in the main Cooler Storage Ring (CSRm) at Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) accelerator complex. A new detuning power system of the electron cooler is developed to modulate the electron velocity from the cooling velocity and thus control the collision energy in the experiment. In this paper, the design and commissioning of the detuning power system are reported. The detuning power supply adopts the scheme of HVDC (high-voltage DC) and HVA (high-voltage amplifier) connected in series. A FPGA digital controller combined with a high-precision ADC/DAC board is used for multiple-linear voltage settings and feedback. The output maximum DC voltage is −5 kV and the detuning voltage is in the range of 0 to ±1 kV. The main features are the good output voltage stability of 10 ppm and the rapid voltage changing of 10 V/μs. The decoupling and protection of the detuning power supply under the high detuning pulse current are described as well. Finally, a DR spectrum of Ar15+ ions measured with the new detuning power system is presented. The experimental result shows a good resolution, verifying the reliability and feasibility of the design. 

High-voltage detuning power system of HIRFL-CSRm electron cooler for Dielectronic-Recombination experiments

This paper introduces the technical scheme of the HIAF-SRing (High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility-Spectrometer Ring) electron cooling 15-stage −600 kV high-voltage power supply system. The main auxiliary power supply of the power system adopts the LCC resonant converter to work in the soft-switching state of DCM, and uses the post-stage LC filter to output high-frequency sinusoidal waves to provide low-harmonic high-frequency power and protection under extreme conditions for the 15-stage electronic cooling power supply. High-voltage isolation power transmission adopts high-frequency isolation transformer, and the 15-stage inter-stage transformer has the same phase and low loss power transmission by designing resonance compensation capacitors. Each stage of 40 kV high voltage output adopts the series output mode of ±20 kV power supply modules, and the reference voltage of the 24 bit-DAC extended outside the FPGA is compared with the feedback voltage of the designed high-precision high-voltage divider with temperature control to achieve high-precision feedback control of each stage. At present, the 22 kHz high frequency sinusoidal soft-switching output of the main auxiliary power supply, the phase compensation calculation and test of the three-stage isolation transformer, and the high precision feedback control of the single-stage −40 kV power supply have been completed. Through the design of 50Hz ~ 10MHz bandwidth C-R measurement circuit, the full power ripple of single-stage −40kV power supply with high-frequency power transmission is tested, and the results show that it can meet the requirements of electron cooling experiment.

The Precision −600 kV High Voltage Power Supply System for the HIAF-SRing Electron Cooler

In the DC motor speed control system based on MK100N512ZLL10 micro controller, the duty cycle of DC motor depends on the micro controller module FTM PWM output, thereby control the car's speed indirectly. The speed is detected by the encoder and then fed back to the microcontroller, and micro controller gives the corresponding control pulse according to the corresponding situation. To make the smart car quickly and smoothly running through the entire process, we analyze the speed of encoder feedback and set appropriate PID parameters to adjust the corresponding pulse to control operation of the DC motor. Finally, the mathematical model of speed control system is constructed, and by the Matlab simulation experiment we give real-time control parameters according to actual running situation to make the whole system more reasonable and effective to control the smart car run fast and smoothly.

http://dpi-proceedings.com/index.php/dtcse/article/download/12491/12026

DC Motor Speed Control System in the Design and Implementation of the Smart Car

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Development of particle detectors for electron-ion collision spectroscopy with highly charged ions at the storage ring CSRe

High-voltage detuning power system of HIRFL-CSRm electron cooler for Dielectronic-Recombination experiments

The Precision −600 kV High Voltage Power Supply System for the HIAF-SRing Electron Cooler

DC Motor Speed Control System in the Design and Implementation of the Smart Car