Functionalized nanoporous carbon materials have attracted the colossal interest of the materials science fraternity owing to their intriguing physical and chemical properties including a well-ordered porous structure, exemplary high specific surface areas, electronic and ionic conductivity, excellent accessibility to active sites, and enhanced mass transport and diffusion. These properties make them a special and unique choice for various applications in divergent fields such as energy storage batteries, supercapacitors, energy conversion fuel cells, adsorption/separation of bulky molecules, heterogeneous catalysts, catalyst supports, photocatalysis, carbon capture, gas storage, biomolecule detection, vapour sensing and drug delivery. Because of the anisotropic and synergistic effects arising from the heteroatom doping at the nanoscale, these novel materials show high potential especially in electrochemical applications such as batteries, supercapacitors and electrocatalysts for fuel cell applications and water electrolysis. In order to gain the optimal benefit, it is necessary to implement tailor made functionalities in the porous carbon surfaces as well as in the carbon skeleton through the comprehensive experimentation. These most appealing nanoporous carbon materials can be synthesized through the carbonization of high carbon containing molecular precursors by using soft or hard templating or non-templating pathways. This review encompasses the approaches and the wide range of methodologies that have been employed over the last five years in the preparation and functionalisation of nanoporous carbon materials via incorporation of metals, non-metal heteroatoms, multiple heteroatoms, and various surface functional groups that mostly dictate their place in a wide range of practical applications.

Recent advances in functionalized micro and mesoporous carbon materials: synthesis and applications

Templated mesoporous carbons: Synthesis and applications

Capacitive deionization with nitrogen-doped highly ordered mesoporous carbon electrodes

Hollow carbon nanofibers with hierarchical porous shells were prepared by NaOH activation of the electrospinning SiCNO fibers, followed by carbonization treatment. By adjusting the carbonization te...

Advanced Supercapacitors Based on Porous Hollow Carbon Nanofiber Electrodes with High Specific Capacitance and Large Energy Density

During the industrial revolution of the nineteenth century, the use of coal as fuel set the “train” of progress in motion, which definitely induced a significant improvement in the living standards. After several discoveries, inventions, and innovations, the use of crude oil, the so-called black gold, enabled humanity to reach a higher level of prosperity, especially so between the end of the second World War and the oil embargo crisis. Currently, crude oil is the most traded commodity in the world market and is the main feedstock to produce a wide range of fuels and products such as plastics, textile fibers, dyes, etc. The heavy reliance on petroleum and other fossil fuels for decades caused many environmental disasters around the world and major geopolitical tensions especially in oil-producing countries. In this chapter, the environmental (water, soil, and air) and geopolitical legacy of the petroleum era as well as its impact of human society are thoroughly discussed in order to highlight seriousness of those issues and the necessity for an alternative sustainable economic model for the future.

A Sustainable Bioeconomy

Nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbons for high performance supercapacitors

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Nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbons for high performance supercapacitors