We have designed, fabricated, and characterized a fiber-optic three-dimensional vector accelerometer for vibration measurement The accelerometer is based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) inscribed with three cores of seven-core fiber by femtosecond laser with a phase mask Through monitoring the wavelength shifts of two of the seven cores, we obtain the vibration azimuthal angle and the acceleration in the XY plane by angle reconstruction and algorithmic calculation Similarly, by monitoring the wavelength shift of the core fixed along the Z-axis, we obtain the vibration acceleration in the Z-axis direction The full 3D vector information about the vibration signal is obtained by vector synthesis The accelerometer has achieved a working frequency bandwidth from 10 to 220 Hz with the maximum sensitivity of 355 pm/g, and the best azimuthal angle accuracy of 0269 $^\circ$ in the linear range of 0 $^\circ$ –100 $^\circ$ and 170 $^\circ$ –280 $^\circ$  Moreover, it is possible to increase the overall bandwidth, sensitivity and accuracy of the azimuth of sensors in the XY plane by adjusting the length of the optical fiber and adjusting mechanical parameters to increase the bandwidth and sensitivity of the sensor in Z-axis Such improvements will further enhance application to small-scale seismic surveys

Three-Dimensional Vector Accelerometer Using a Multicore Fiber Inscribed With Three FBGs

A novel short fiber Bragg grating accelerometer based on a V-type dual mass block structure for low- and medium-frequency vibration measurements

In this paper, we report a high-resolution and precision acceleration sensor network with potential large sensing capacity, which is based on distributed Bragg reflector fiber lasers. To start with, a transducer based on a T-shaped cantilever beam and an adjustable bearing is theoretically designed and experimentally employed to achieve high sensitivity and wideband frequency response. Second, the beat frequency interrogation system that utilizes super-heterodyne receiver and digital orthogonal phase identifying technology is developed to improve the resolution of the sensors. In addition, assisted with the wavelength/time division multiplexing technology, hundreds of sensing units could be potentially multiplexed in the prototype system. A proof-of-concept sensing network with three acceleration sensor units is established for experimental validation. The sensor network demonstrates a sensitivity of 1.16064 GHz/g with a flat frequency response region from 20 to 200 Hz, corresponding to a noise equivalent acceleration of $\text{17.99}\,{\text{ng/}}\surd {\rm{Hz}}$ at 90 Hz. In particular, the measurement precision of the prototype system has been calibrated as high as 1.305 μ g. The proposed acceleration sensor network could benefit potential applications in smart unmanned platforms and seismic monitoring.

DBR Fiber Laser Based High-Resolution Accelerometer Network

This paper introduces a nano-g level optical accelerometer based on a differential Fabry–Pérot interferometer(DFPI) for low-frequency (less than 1 Hz) noise suppression. The accelerometer has its proof-mass supported by two metal spring beams and has a natural frequency of 40 Hz. The DFPI structure is composed of two fiber end-faces and two reflectors made by gold-coated silicon chips attached on each side of the proof-mass. It is both theoretically analyzed and calculated that the differential structure can suppress noises caused by laser source, optical components and temperature, therefore improves the signal to noise ratio of the accelerometer. Experimental results show that the DFPI accelerometer has a noise floor of 4 ng/Hz at 3 Hz to 10 Hz, with a displacement noise floor of 0.62 pm/Hz, a measurement range of 0.88 mg and a sensitivity of 1699.7 V/g. The DFPI mechanism improves the noise performance at 0.1 Hz from 100 ng/Hz by a single FPI to 24 ng/Hz by DFPI, and improves the bias instability from 49 ng to 17 ng. The proposed DFPI accelerometer has the potential applications on seismic acceleration measurement for mineral exploration and active vibration isolation. 

Nano-g accelerometer with differential Fabry–Pérot interferometer for low-frequency noise suppression

A multi-longitudinal mode fiber laser sensor (MLMFLS) system based on a digital modulation/demodulation technique is proposed. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first digital vibration-demodulation system ever reported by a MLMFLS system. Multiple beat frequency signals (BFS) generated by the MLMFLS work as signal carriers of applied vibration signals. The vibration signals modulated on several BFS at different frequencies are simultaneously demodulated based on a multi-channel digital down-conversion technique by utilizing the digital universal software radio peripheral (USRP). The demodulated vibration signals from different signal channels are superposed by the USRP. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of output vibration signal is highly improved, which increases sensing stability and accuracy of the system. This is really important for sensing of vibration signals that have an extremely low frequency or weak energy. Measurement results demonstrate that the sensing system has an excellent low frequency vibration-sensing capability, simple structure, high SNR, stability and accuracy.

Multi-longitudinal mode fiber laser digital vibration-sensing system based on a multi-carrier modulation/demodulation technique

We demonstrate a highly sensitive DBR fiber laser acceleration sensor network with a resolution of 17.86 ng/√Hz and accuracy of 10−6 g. The sensing capacity is increased to 128 by utilizing the hybrid multiplexing technique.

High-resolution and Large-capacity DBR Fiber Laser Accelerometer Network

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DBR Fiber Laser Based High-Resolution Accelerometer Network

High-resolution and Large-capacity DBR Fiber Laser Accelerometer Network