Researchers use bionanotechnology techniques as eco-friendly and cost-effective routes to fabricate nanoparticles and nanomaterials. The present study confirms the ability of plant extract of Salvia spinosa grown under in vitro condition for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) for the first time. The surface plasmon resonance found at 450 nm confirmed the formation of Ag NPs. Moreover, FESEM images showed that nanoparticles had spherical morphology. Furthermore, XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the particles. FTIR analysis was carried out to identify possible biomolecules responsible in bioreduction of silver ions. Antimicrobial assay verified bactericidal activity of biosynthesized Ag NPs against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. According to the results, by growing the plants under controlled conditions, it is feasible to synthesize nanoparticles with desired properties.

/pdf/green-synthesis-of-silver-nanoparticles-using-the-plant-3sn3frw8kb.pdf

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the plant extract of Salvia spinosa grown in vitro and their antibacterial activity assessment

Numerous natural products originated from Chinese herbal medicine exhibit anti-cancer activities, including anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic effects, as well as regulate autophagy, reverse multidrug resistance, balance immunity, and enhance chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. To provide new insights into the critical path ahead, we systemically reviewed the most recent advances (reported since 2011) on the key compounds with anti-cancer effects derived from Chinese herbal medicine (curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, berberine, artemisinin, ginsenoside Rg3, ursolic acid, silibinin, emodin, triptolide, cucurbitacin B, tanshinone I, oridonin, shikonin, gambogic acid, artesunate, wogonin, β-elemene, and cepharanthine) in scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and Clinical Trials). With a broader perspective, we focused on their recently discovered and/or investigated pharmacological effects, novel mechanism of action, relevant clinical studies, and their innovative applications in combined therapy and immunomodulation. In addition, the present review has extended to describe other promising compounds including dihydroartemisinin, ginsenoside Rh2, compound K, cucurbitacins D, E, I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone in view of their potentials in cancer therapy. Up to now, the evidence about the immunomodulatory effects and clinical trials of natural anti-cancer compounds from Chinese herbal medicine is very limited, and further research is needed to monitor their immunoregulatory effects and explore their mechanisms of action as modulators of immune checkpoints.

/pdf/naturally-occurring-anti-cancer-compounds-shining-from-d425rwrils.pdf

Naturally occurring anti-cancer compounds: shining from Chinese herbal medicine.

Nanomedicine, acting as the magic bullet, is capable of combining immunotherapy with other treatments to reverse a cold tumor (immune depletion) into a hot tumor. However, how to comprehensively inhibit the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) remains a major challenge for immunotherapy to achieve the maximum benefits. Thus, a strategy that can simultaneously increase the recruitment of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and comprehensively reprogram the immunosuppressive TME is still urgently needed. Herein, a thermal-sensitive nitric oxide (NO) donor S-nitrosothiols (SNO)-pendant copolymer (poly(acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile-co-vinylimidazole)-SNO copolymer, PAAV-SNO) with upper critical solution temperature (UCST) was synthesized and employed to fabricate an erythrocyte membrane-camouflaged nanobullet for codelivery of NIR II photothermal agent IR1061 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) inhibitor 1-methyl-tryptophan (1-MT). This multifunctional nanobullet possessed long circulation in vivo, enhanced accumulation at the tumor site, and therapeutics-controlled release by NIR II laser, thereby it could avoid unspecific drug leakage while enhancing biosecurity. More importantly, the immunogenic cell death (ICD) induced by local hyperthermia from photothermal therapy (PTT) could be conducive for the increased recruitment of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) at the tumor site. Furthermore, through interfering in the IDO-1 activity by 1-MT and normalizing the tumor vessels by in situ generated NO, the immunosuppressive TME was comprehensively reprogrammed toward an immunostimulatory phenotype, achieving the excellent therapeutic efficacy against both primary breast cancer and metastases. Collectively, this multifunctional nanobullet described in this study developed an effective and promising strategy to comprehensively reprogram suppressive TME and treat "immune cold" tumors.

Fighting Immune Cold and Reprogramming Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment with Red Blood Cell Membrane-Camouflaged Nanobullets.

Advances in phytochemical delivery systems for improved anticancer activity.

Effect of pH-shifting treatment on structural and functional properties of whey protein isolate and its interaction with (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate

New Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) Nanocomplexes Co-Assembled with 3-Mercapto-1-Hexanol and β-Lactoglobulin for Improvement of Antitumor Activity

There is an upsurge of interest in improving the stability and prolong the scent holding time of fragrances in cosmetic industry. In this study, to encapsulate the orange essential oils (OEO), nanoethosomes were constructed with optimized proportions of ethanol, water, soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC), Tween 80, and palm oil sucrose esters (PSE). The controlled-release behavior of nanoethosomes was then studied concerning physicochemical stability, microstructure, and olfactory sensation. The sustained-release effectiveness of the nanoethosomal fragrances was influenced by particle size and OEO amount of specific formula. Herein, there was a positive correlation between particle size and sustained-release effectiveness. In particular, the mean diameter of nanoethosomal orange fragrances (nano-OFs)-prepared by EO-ethanol-water-SPC-Tween 80-PSE (3-7:25:72-68:2:1.0:0.1) and 3%, 5%, and 7% OEO-was 68.6±3.6, 79.5±4.5 and 87.3±6.9 nm, respectively. The results of olfactory sensation and GC-MS analysis showed that these fragrances could sustainedly release the aromatic compounds to yield satisfactory smell longer than that of the conventional orange fragrance. Furthermore, the nano-OF made of 5% EO yield a satisfactory smell more than 3 h, which was 3 times of that of the conventional orange fragrance. This fragrance was stable when stored at 4 °C (>1 year) and 25 °C (>10 months). The knowledge gained from this study will be helpful to develop nanoethosomal fragrances or perfumes for commercial use.

Orange Fragrance with Sustained-Release Properties Prepared by Nanoethosomal Encapsulation of Natural Orange Essential Oil.

Epigallocatechin gallate-β-lactoglobulin nanoparticles improve the antitumor activity of EGCG for inducing cancer cell apoptosis

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New Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) Nanocomplexes Co-Assembled with 3-Mercapto-1-Hexanol and β-Lactoglobulin for Improvement of Antitumor Activity

Orange Fragrance with Sustained-Release Properties Prepared by Nanoethosomal Encapsulation of Natural Orange Essential Oil.

Epigallocatechin gallate-β-lactoglobulin nanoparticles improve the antitumor activity of EGCG for inducing cancer cell apoptosis