Abstract Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) and metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) are used in numerous fields. The new nano-based entities are being strongly generated and incorporated into everyday personal care products, cosmetics, medicines, drug delivery, and clothing to impact industrial and manufacturing sectors, which means that nanomaterials commercialization and nano-assisted device will continuously grow. They can be prepared by many methods such as green synthesis and the conventional chemical synthesis methods. Green synthesis includes infinite accession to produce MNPs and MONPs with demanding properties. The structure–function relationships between nanomaterials and key information for life cycle evaluation lead to the production of high execution nanoscale materials that are gentle and environmentally friendly. Majority of plants have features as sustainable and renewable suppliers compared with microbes and enzymes, as they have the ability to pick up almost 75% of the light energy and transform it into chemical energy, contain chemicals like antioxidants and sugars, and play fundamental roles in the manufacture of nanoparticles. Plants considered the main factory for the green synthesis of MNPs and MONPs, and until now, different plant species have been used to study this, but the determined conditions should be taken into consideration to execute this preparation. In this study, we focus on the biosynthesis procedures to synthesize MNPs and MONPs, including comparison between green synthesis and the classical chemistry methods as well as the several new orientation of green synthesis of nanoparticles from different plant parts, especially plant leaf extracts. Plants with reducing compounds is the preferred choice for the synthesis of noble metals – metal ions can be reduced to the corresponding metals in the absence of any other chemicals under microwave irradiation conditions using benign solvent, water. Noble metals such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), and palladium (Pd) and other metals such as copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni), which are characterized by their optical, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, and chemical properties, leading to different technological applications. Plants with numerous reducing agents are suitable candidates for the manufacture of noble MNPs. The main purpose of this research is to give a background on green nanotechnology prospective evolution, pertinent concerns appeared related to the green synthesis of metal and metal oxide from plant extracts, nanoparticle formation mechanism, and the importance of flavonoids, vitamin B2, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and phenolic compounds in the MNP and MONP production. The traditional sorghum beers are produced in many countries in Africa, but diversity in the production process may depend on the geographic localization. These beers are very rich in calories; B-group vitamins including thiamine, folic acid, riboflavin, and nicotinic acid; and essential amino acids such as lysine. However, the Western beers are more attractive than the traditional sorghum beers. The traditional sorghum beers have poor hygienic quality, organoleptic variations, and shorter shelf life compared with the Western beers. Many research studies on traditional sorghum beers have been carried out and documented in several African countries, especially the microbiological and biochemical properties, the technologies used in the manufacture processes, and synthetic characteristics of African traditional sorghum beers (ikigage, merissa, doro, dolo, pito, amgba, and tchoukoutou). The excellent resources for the production of greener biomaterials are plants and considerable advances have been achieved in many fields such as biotechnology and gene transfer. The manufactured biological nanomaterials have a great application in the pharmaceutical industry such as novel pharmaceuticals preparation, drug delivery personification procedures, and production of functional nanodevices.

/pdf/green-synthesis-of-metal-and-metal-oxide-nanoparticles-from-4pjorlcpdn.pdf

Green synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles from plant leaf extracts and their applications: A review

Lab of Biomimetic Electrochemistry and Biosensors, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China

History and new developments of assays for cholinesterase activity and inhibition.

A review on the recent progress of square-wave voltammetry is presented, covering the period of the last five years. The review addresses the new theoretical development of the technique as well as its application for mechanistic purposes, electrode kinetic measurements, biochemical and analytical applications. Besides, a few novel methodological modifications are proposed that might expand the scope and application of the technique.

/pdf/square-wave-voltammetry-a-review-on-the-recent-progress-4k41do3yb4.pdf

Square-Wave Voltammetry: A Review on the Recent Progress

Green chemistry becomes an eye-catching topic of interest in the past few years because it is a comfortable, secure, inexpensive, and eco-friendly way of synthesis. Iron oxide nanoparticles with different morphologies and sizes have been extensively studied due to their broad applications. Iron nanoparticles (Fe NPs) have drawn interest in site remediation and also in the treatment of organic or inorganic pollutants of water. The present review shows different synthesis methods of zero-valent and iron oxide nanoparticles from different plant extracts including tea extracts (Oolong tea, tea powder, tea waste, and tea polyphenols), from other plant extracts (Amaranthus dubius, Murraya koenigii, Eucalyptus, Syzygium aromaticum, curcuma, Ocimum sanctum, Emblica officinalis, Tridax procumbens, Dodonaea viscosa, Spinacia oleracea, Lawsonia inermis (henna), Gardenia jasminoides, Punica granatum, and Colocasia esculenta), from bio-microorganisms (Acinetobacter spp. bacterium, Aspergillus oryzae, Sargassum muticum), and from magnetite sand. The different potential applications of iron nanoparticles in remediation, in dye removal, and as an antibacterial agent point to the importance of iron nanoparticles in the environmental removal of contamination.

Review of Green Methods of Iron Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications

The application of nanogold in biopharmaceutical field is reviewed in this work. The properties of nanogold including nanogold surface Plasmon absorption and nanogold surface Plasmon light scattering are illustrated. The physical, chemical, biosynthesis methods of nanogold preparation are presented. Catalytic properties as well as biomedical applications are highlighted as one of the most important applications of nanogold. Biosensing, and diagnostic and therapeutic applications of gold nanoparticles are evaluated. Moreover, gold nanoparticles in drugs, biomolecules and proteins’ delivery are analyzed. Gold nanoparticles for the site-directed photothermal applications are reviewed as the most fruitful research area in the future.

Biopharmaceutical applications of nanogold

In this study, well-dispersed gold nanoparticles were prepared by the reduction of HAuCl4 in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate/isooctane reverse micelles system using ascorbic acid as reducing agent. The properties of the obtained nanoparticles were characterized with transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and UV–vis absorption spectrophotometer. Due to its high water solubility, biodegradability, and low toxicity, ascorbic acid could be used as a benign naturally available reducing agent to synthesize gold nanoparticles.

Preparation and characterization of gold nanoparticles using ascorbic acid as reducing agent in reverse micelles

Electrochemistry of Hemin Self-Assembled from Aqueous Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) Solution on Single-Wall-Carbon-Nanotube-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes

Square wave voltammetry assay of organophosphorus inhibition on cholinesterase in two phases of isooctane/water

Well-dispersed Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles were successfully prepared by reverse micelle. This method is based on one-step rapid formation in different sizes of nano-pool with water/oil system, which leads to a homogeneous distribution of PB nanoparticles. Scanning electronic microscopy, UV–vis, and Fourier infrared spectra give supportive evidence of PB nanoparticles. Electrochemical study shows that PB nanoparticles are modified onto cysteine-assembled Au electrodes and exhibit high efficiency of electron transfer.

Characterization of prussian blue nanoparticles prepared by reverse micelle and electrochemical study of their assembly

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Preparation and characterization of gold nanoparticles using ascorbic acid as reducing agent in reverse micelles

Electrochemistry of Hemin Self-Assembled from Aqueous Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) Solution on Single-Wall-Carbon-Nanotube-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes

Square wave voltammetry assay of organophosphorus inhibition on cholinesterase in two phases of isooctane/water

Characterization of prussian blue nanoparticles prepared by reverse micelle and electrochemical study of their assembly