Recent Progress on Smart Fiber and Textile Based Wearable Strain Sensors: Materials, Fabrications and Applications

The universal application of wearable strain sensors in various situations for human-activity monitoring is considerably limited by the contradiction between high sensitivity and broad working range. There still remains a huge challenge to design sensors featuring simultaneous broad working range and high sensitivity. Herein, a typical bilayer-conductive structure Ti3C2Tx MXene/carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composite film was developed by a simple and scalable vacuum filtration process utilizing a porous electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) mat as a skeleton. The MXene/CNTs/TPU strain sensor is composed of two parts: a brittle densely stacked MXene upper lamella and a flexible MXene/CNT-decorated fibrous network lower layer. Benefiting from the synergetic effect of the two parts along with hydrogen-bonding interactions between the porous TPU fiber mat and MXene sheets, the MXene/CNTs/TPU strain sensor possesses both a broad working range (up to 330%) and high sensitivity (maximum gauge factor of 2911) as well as superb long-term durability (2600 cycles under the strain of 50%). Finally, the sensor can be successfully employed for human movement monitoring, from tiny facial expressions, respiration, and pulse beat to large-scale finger and elbow bending, demonstrating a promising and attractive application for wearable devices and human-machine interaction.

Highly Sensitive and Stretchable MXene/CNTs/TPU Composite Strain Sensor with Bilayer Conductive Structure for Human Motion Detection.

Wearable electronics offer incredible benefits in mobile healthcare monitoring, sensing, portable energy harvesting and storage, human-machine interactions, etc., due to the evolution of rigid electronics structure to flexible and stretchable devices. Lately, transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) are highly regarded as a group of thriving two-dimensional nanomaterials and extraordinary building blocks for emerging flexible electronics platforms because of their excellent electrical conductivity, enriched surface functionalities, and large surface area. This article reviews the most recent developments in MXene-enabled flexible electronics for wearable electronics. Several MXene-enabled electronic devices designed on a nanometric scale are highlighted by drawing attention to widely developed nonstructural attributes, including 3D configured devices, textile and planer substrates, bioinspired structures, and printed materials. Furthermore, the unique progress of these nanodevices is highlighted by representative applications in healthcare, energy, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and humanoid control of machines. The emerging prospects of MXene nanomaterials as a key frontier in next-generation wearable electronics are envisioned and the design challenges of these electronic systems are also discussed, followed by proposed solutions. 

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/inf2.12295

Two‐dimensional MXenes
 : New frontier of wearable and flexible electronics

Two-dimensional transition metal carbides and/or nitrides (MXenes) and their applications in sensors

Abstract Wearable strain sensors that detect joint/muscle strain changes become prevalent at human–machine interfaces for full-body motion monitoring. However, most wearable devices cannot offer customizable opportunities to match the sensor characteristics with specific deformation ranges of joints/muscles, resulting in suboptimal performance. Adequate wearable strain sensor design is highly required to achieve user-designated working windows without sacrificing high sensitivity, accompanied with real-time data processing. Herein, wearable Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene sensor modules are fabricated with in-sensor machine learning (ML) models, either functioning via wireless streaming or edge computing, for full-body motion classifications and avatar reconstruction. Through topographic design on piezoresistive nanolayers, the wearable strain sensor modules exhibited ultrahigh sensitivities within the working windows that meet all joint deformation ranges. By integrating the wearable sensors with a ML chip, an edge sensor module is fabricated, enabling in-sensor reconstruction of high-precision avatar animations that mimic continuous full-body motions with an average avatar determination error of 3.5 cm, without additional computing devices. 

/pdf/topographic-design-in-wearable-mxene-sensors-with-in-sensor-2qtbtytg.pdf

Topographic design in wearable MXene sensors with in-sensor machine learning for full-body avatar reconstruction

Strain sensors with good stability are vital to the development of wearable healthcare monitoring systems. However, the design of strain sensor with both duration stability and environmental stability is still a challenge. In this work, we propose an ultra-stable and washable strain sensor by embedding a coupled composite film of carbon nanotube (CNT) and Ti3C2Tx MXene into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. The composite strain sensor with embedded microstructure and uneven surface makes it conformal to skin, while the CNT/MXene sensing layer exhibits a resistance sensitive to strain. This sensor shows reliable responses at different frequencies and with long-term cycling durability (over 1,000 cycles). Meanwhile, the CNT/MXene/PDMS composite strain sensor provides the advantages of superior anti-interference to temperature change and water washing. The results demonstrate less than 10% resistance changes as the temperature rises from −20 to 80 °C or after sonication in water for 120 min, respectively. The composite sensor is applied to monitor human joint motions, such as bending of finger, wrist and elbow. Moreover, the simultaneous monitoring of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal and joint movement while riding a sports bicycle is demonstrated, enabling the great potential of the as-fabricated sensor in real-time human healthcare monitoring.

Wearable CNT/Ti3C2Tx MXene/PDMS composite strain sensor with enhanced stability for real-time human healthcare monitoring

Wearable strain sensors are appealing for monitoring human activities and evaluating human health. However, the development of wearable strain sensors with high sensitivity, large-scale manufacturing ability as well as the using of eco-friendly raw materials is still challenging. In this work, a simple and environmentally friendly high-performance strain sensor based on graphene/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composite is reported. The green solvent dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene) was used to dissolve and disperse TPU and graphene to make conductive ink, and the graphene/TPU composite film was embedded in the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix by stencil printing and transfer process. The optimized sensor showed a very low detection limit (strain $\sim ~0.1~\unicode{0x2030}$ ), high sensitivity (GF >3905) and broad sensing range (0 - 82.4 %). Moreover, the sensor remains stable under 5,000 times of loading/unloading cycles, with outstanding fatigue resistance and long-term durability. Additionally, a series of human motion monitoring applications were demonstrated, indicating their great potential in practical applications.

Printable and Wearable Graphene-Based Strain Sensor With High Sensitivity for Human Motion Monitoring

Printed graphene/CNTs/TPU-fabric wearable strain sensor for healthcare monitoring

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Kai Ling

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Wearable CNT/Ti3C2Tx MXene/PDMS composite strain sensor with enhanced stability for real-time human healthcare monitoring

Printable and Wearable Graphene-Based Strain Sensor With High Sensitivity for Human Motion Monitoring

Printed graphene/CNTs/TPU-fabric wearable strain sensor for healthcare monitoring