Recently, there has been increasing concerns over bifacial PV (BPV) modules over the conventional monofacial PV (MPV) modules owing to their potential to add extra electrical energy from their rear-side irradiance. However, adding the rear-side irradiance to the front-side irradiance results in the increased nonlinearity of the BPV modules compared to MPV modules. Such nonlinearity makes the conventional methods unable to accurately extract the BPV module parameters. In this context, the precise determination of the BPV module parameters is a crucial issue for establishing energy yield estimations and for the proper planning of BPV installations as well. This paper proposes a new model for the BPV modules based on the MPV modeling, in which a new parameter is added to the MPV model to adjust the value of the model series resistance in order to provide a generic model for BPV modules in both monofacial and bifacial operating regions. Moreover, a new determination method for optimizing BPV model parameters using the recently developed enhanced version of the success-history-based adaptive differential evolution (SHADE) algorithm with linear population size reduction, known as the LSHADE method, is applied. The determination process of the model parameters is adapted using a two-stage optimization scheme to model the full operating range of BPV modules. The accuracy of the obtained parameters using the proposed model is compared with the conventional single-diode and double-diode models of the BPV. The obtained results using the proposed model of the BPV module show the performance superiority and accuracy of the LSHADE method over the existing methods in the literature. Furthermore, the LSHADE method provides the successful and accurate extraction of the global optimized parameters to model MPV and BPV modules. Therefore, the proposed method can provide an accurate model for the whole operating range of BPV that would be beneficial for further studies of their economic and technical feasibility for wide installation plans.

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An Accurate Model for Bifacial Photovoltaic Panels

Because of the special cell structure and apparent backsheet material of bifacial photovoltaic (PV) module, the rear side of bifacial PV module can generate power under certain irradiance condition as well as the front side. The power generation of bifacial PV module is obviously higher than that of conventional PV module. With the rapid development of PV technology, the market share of bifacial modules improves every year. To effectively evaluate the electrical performance of bifacial module, current-voltage(I-V) characteristic of three bifacial modules were tested according to three different test standards. The rear irradiance driven power gain yield (BiFi) and temperature coefficients of current, voltage and power were tested under different irradiance condition. From the results of performance test, it is confirmed that for bifacial PV module, the performance test results with different test standards are not the same. The BiFi of bifacial module under different irradiance condition is almost the same. The temperature coefficients of front side and rear side are different. In the actual performance test, appropriate coefficients should be selected for data correction according to IEC 60891.

Electrical performance test of N-type bifacial photovoltaic module

According to the current lack of voltage sag application platform, this paper puts forward the development and application of voltage sag control platform. Firstly, the functional requirement analysis is carried out for the voltage sag pain point problem existing in provincial power grid companies. Secondly, the relationship between the application of provincial grid voltage sag platform and the existing system data is analyzed. Thirdly, the implementation path of the key technologies of each functional module developed by the voltage sag platform is analyzed and related research and development are carried out. Finally, through the example analysis of a provincial power grid, it is proved that the proposed platform can effectively analyze and apply existing monitoring data and simulation data, and realize the functions of voltage sag degree evaluation, risk prediction and auxiliary governance decision on the platform.

Development and Application of Voltage Sag Control Platform

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Electrical performance test of N-type bifacial photovoltaic module

Development and Application of Voltage Sag Control Platform