Cooperating Organizations OSJ—Optical Society of Japan • OSK—Optical Society of Korea • Australian Optical Society • Optical Society of Singapore • Beijing Institute of Technology (China) • Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (China) • Peking University (China) • Tsinghua University (China) • Zhejiang University (China) • Changchun University of Science and Technology (China) • University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (China) • Shanghai Jiao Tong University (China) • Tianjin University (China) Nankai University (China) • Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (China) • Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (China) • Institute of Semiconductors (China) • Institute of Optics and Electronics (China) • Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics (China) • China Instrument and Control Society • China Solid State Lighting Research and Industry Alliance • Optoelectronics Technology Committee, COS (China)

Nonlinear Optics: Technologies and Applications

Phase sensitive amplification using the parametric processes in fiber has the potential of delivering high gain and broadband operation with ultralow noise. It is able to regenerate both amplitude and phase modulated signals, simultaneously, with the appropriate design. This thesis concerns, in specific, the design and optimization of such phase sensitive amplifiers (PSAs). For phase sensitive amplification in highly nonlinear fibers, optima points of operation have been identified for both the standard and the novel high stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold highly nonlinear fiber types. The regeneration capability of PSAs on phase encoded signal in an optical link has been optimized. Flat-top phase sensitive profile has been synthesized. It is able to provide simultaneous amplitude and phase noise squeezing, with enhanced phase noise margin compared to conventional designs. Further, phase sensitive parametric processes in a nano-engineered silicon waveguide have been measured experimentally for the first time. Numerical optimizations show that with reduced waveguide propagation loss and reduced carrier life time, larger signal phase sensitive extinction ratio is achievable. Finally, preliminary simulations were carried out to investigate the inline amplification properties of such PSAs, and their pulse shaping capabilities.

Phase Sensitive Amplification using Parametric Processes in Optical Fibers

In this paper, we proposed a simple tapering process of optical fibers using controlled CO2 laser. This is a response to the call for the rapid development of affordable, efficient, and reliable optical sensors. A laser with power of 36 W was focused on a small section of three optical fibers having core/cladding diameters in micrometer of 10/125 (sensor A), 62.5/125 (sensor B), and 200/225 (sensor C). The sensors were tested on solutions having refractive indices of 1.3325 to 1.4266. Our investigation revealed that sensor C offered highest sensitivity. Therefore, further characterizations on its sensing characteristics were conducted. Over 6 times repetitive measurement, sensor C showed excellent repeatability with average sensitivity and detection limit of 4.5941(78) a.u./RIU and 3.97 × 10−4 RIU, respectively. The tapered large core fiber also had good reversibility. Furthermore, the stability test by applying sensor C to solutions with low, medium, and high refractive indices also showed that the sensor was relatively stable. Within 60 minutes measurement, we noticed increasing trends of normalized intensities. However, the intensity increment percentages were relatively small, i.e., 0.27%, 1.17%, and 1.75% respectively for refractive indices of 1.3325, 1.3921, and 1.4266. Thus, excellent tapered optical fiber sensor could be produced using CO2 laser.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2432/1/012013/pdf

Tapered optical fibers using CO2 laser and their sensing performances

The development and application background of supercontinuum (SC) generation in photonic crystal fibers (PCF) are presented. From the generalized nonlinear Schr觟dinger equation,the formation mechanism of supercontinuum in PCFs is discussed,and the influence factors on the process of supercontinuum generation from the dispersive characteristics of PCF and parameters of input pulses are summarized. Thus the generation of supercontinuum can be controlled.

Generation of Supercontinuum and Influence Factors in Photonic Crystal Fibers

The propagation of femtosecond laser pulses with wavelengths of 1550 nm, 1064 nm, 800 nm and 700 nm, respectively, which are in the normal dispersion region of the nano-structured photonic crystal fiber (N-PCF) with interesting broadband normal dispersion and highly nonlinear properties, is studied. For the effect of chirp variation mainly induced by group velocity dispersion (GVD) and self-phase modulation (SPM), after propagation over a short length, the wave breaking occurs. Namely, oscillatory structures are presented near pulse edges and sidelobes appear in the pulse spectrum. In the case of 800 nm, after the propagation of 20 mm, a super flat spectrum is obtained. The bandwidth of the super flat spectrum is associated with the dispersion length and the nonlinear length. By choosing N-PCF and laser pulse with appropriate parameters, a broadband super flat spectrum in a short length can be achieved.

Investigation of wave breaking in the normal dispersion region of nano-structured photonic crystal fibers

Dispersion property is an important fact to generate white light. Different structures could change the dispersion
properties of fibers. This paper demonstrates how the white light was generated when the ultrashort pulse propagated in a
tapered fiber. We simulated how the supercontinuum was generated in a variety of tapered fibers which have different
parameters. The supercontinuum range could be reached from 680nm to1750nm. It is shown that the width and the shape
of the supercontinuum depend on both the fiber parameters such as the diameter or the length of tapered waist regime
and pulse peak power. The paper also discussed the influence of the different dispersion and nonlinear effects in detailed,
including GVD (Grouped Velocity Dispersion), SPM (Self Phase Modulation), TOD (Third Order Dispersion), SS (Self
Steeping), and SRS (Stimulated Raman Scattering). Through the numerical simulation, it presents when the ultrashort
pulse propagates in tapered fibers with anonymous dispersion, the Stimulated Raman Scattering effect plays an important
role in the long wave range of the supercontinuum. The influence of the higher order dispersion, especially third order
dispersion, on the anti-Stokes part in the supercontinuum process was also discussed. A smoother and broader
supercontinuum could be obtained after choosing the suitable parameters of the tapered optical fibers, especially the
diameter or the length of tapered waist regime.

Numerical analysis of femtosecond pulse propagation and supercontinuum generation in tapered fiber

We proposed an ultra-sensitive refractive index sensor based on a tapered polarization-maintaining fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer using a commercial CO2-laser heating system. The sensitivity of the sensor can be up to 7933.33 nm/RIU.

High Sensitivity Interferometric Refractive Index Sensor Based on Tapered Polarization-Maintaining Fiber

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Numerical analysis of femtosecond pulse propagation and supercontinuum generation in tapered fiber

High Sensitivity Interferometric Refractive Index Sensor Based on Tapered Polarization-Maintaining Fiber