A review of electrically assisted heat treatment and forming of aluminum alloy sheet

Effect of induced pulse current on mechanical properties and microstructure of rolled 5052 aluminum alloy

Improved forming capability of 7075 aluminum alloy using electrically assisted electromagnetic forming

This study delves into the investigation of intermetallic compounds, specifically Al3Ni, Al3Sn, Al2Cu, Ni3Al, and their formation during the alloying additions and heat treatment procedures of Al-4%Cu alloy with the addition of Ni and Sn. After manufacturing, an extensive range of tests, encompassing hardness assessments, SEM and XRD analysis, and optical microscopy, were executed. The introduction of Nickel (Ni) and Tin (Sn) into the base alloy resulted in a gradual and significant enhancement in hardness, with Alloy 3 exhibiting the most remarkable improvement, showcasing a 214.18% increase in hardness attributed to higher concentrations of Ni and Sn. Then, heat treatment was carried out that encompassed an initial homogenization phase at 400°C for a duration of 8 hours, followed by precise water quenching. Subsequently, controlled aging precipitation was conducted at 150°C with distinct time intervals. Comparative analyses of the effect of heat treatment on the hardness values revealed substantial improvements whereas base alloy showed a 67.55% improvement after the heat treatment. On the other hand, Alloy 1, Alloy 2, and Alloy 3 indicated a 73.26%, 36.03%, and 31.22% enhancement of hardness values respectively. The heat treatment process aimed to meticulously explore the intricate influences of Ni and Sn on the age-hardening process, with specific consideration to identifying the optimal aging time. The incorporation of Ni and Sn into the alloys led to the formation of intermetallic compounds, effectively impeding dislocation movement. Remarkably, Alloy 1 with lower Ni and Sn contents exhibited the most favorable response to the heat treatment, demonstrating a substantial 73.26% increase in hardness at the optimal aging time. SEM images unveiled the formation of finer precipitates resulting from the aging treatment. This study offers valuable insights into the impact of alloying additions and heat treatment on the microstructure and hardness properties of Al-4%Cu alloys, with potential implications in the fabrication of advanced materials. 

The Effects of Solution Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Hardness of an Aluminum-4% Copper Alloy with Added Nickel and Tin

<h2>Abstract</h2> Aluminum alloys are highly preferred for their superior properties, including high corrosion resistance and lightweight in the automotive industry. To better understand how magnesium addition affects aluminum's corrosion and strengthening properties, three different percentages of magnesium-added aluminum alloys, as well as pure aluminum, were melted at a temperature of 800 ± 10 °C in a furnace and cast using the sand molding process. Subsequently, weight loss was used to conduct corrosion testing along with mechanical tests such as tensile, flexural, hardness, and impact tests. In-depth research revealed that the addition of magnesium at 3 wt %, 5 wt %, and 7 wt % strengthened the aluminum alloy. The addition of magnesium resulted in the formation of Al3Mg2, which restricted the movement of dislocation, induced grain refinement, and increased the strength of the alloy. However, it was observed that the addition of magnesium caused a decrease in the alloy's toughness and ductility, resulting in decreased impact energy and % elongation by 29.19 % and 34.87 % respectively by the addition of 5 wt% Mg compared to pure aluminum. Nevertheless, the optical microstructure and SEM image revealed refined grains and the formation of Al3Mg2, providing valuable insight into magnesium's strengthening behavior in aluminum. The study found that adding 7 wt % Mg to the aluminum alloy did not significantly improve its strength and hardness compared to adding 5 wt % Mg. This was because the 7 wt % Mg addition caused the grain size to increase, making it less effective at resisting dislocation movements. The grain coarsening of the 7 wt % Mg added alloy was also revealed in the optical microscope and the SEM images. The EDS analysis confirmed the presence of Al and Mg within the globular-shaped intermetallic particles, indicating the formation of the Al3Mg2 intermetallic phases. However, the highly reactive nature of magnesium results in a higher corrosion rate in terms of weight loss and corrosion current density, which causes the formation of pits and metal dissolution, leading to significant metal loss beneath the original surface when immersed in 3.5 wt % NaCl medium for a period of fifteen and thirty days. Localized corrosion was indicated by the SEM images, which showed concave and convex structures formed by the corrosion products on the alloys. The breakdown of the Al2O3 protective layer, which is the cause of the pits and cracks in the corrosion products, may be brought on by internal stress or the dehydration of hydroxides, which is known as Mg-induced stress corrosion cracking. However, more pits and cracks are found in the SEM image for the 7 wt % Mg addition as it was corroded more compared to the other alloys. The map analysis of the corroded alloy confirmed the corrosion behaviors of the Mg-added alloy by the presence of oxygen all over the surface. Because of the alloy's Al3Mg2 intermetallic compound's refinement and lower corrosion rate, 5 wt % of Mg was found to be the optimal amount for the addition of aluminum to increase strength and hardness without compromising the alloy's toughness and ductility.

Synergistic effect of Mg addition on the enhancement of the mechanical properties and evaluation of corrosion behaviors in 3.5 wt % NaCl of aluminum alloys

Rapidly modifying microstructure and mechanical properties of AA7150 Al alloy processed with electropulsing treatment

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Rapidly modifying microstructure and mechanical properties of AA7150 Al alloy processed with electropulsing treatment