Current trends in polymer microneedle for transdermal drug delivery.

Advances in transdermal insulin delivery.

Microneedles are an efficient and minimally invasive approach to transdermal drug delivery and extraction of skin interstitial fluid. Compared to solid microneedles made of silicon, metals and ceramics, polymeric microneedles have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability and nontoxicity. They are easy to fabricate in large scale and can load drugs in high amounts. More importantly, polymers with different degradation profiles, swelling properties, and responses to biological/physical stimuli can be employed to fabricate polymeric microneedles with different mechanical properties and performance. This review provides a guideline for the selection of polymers and the corresponding fabrication methods for polymeric microneedles while summarizing their recent application in drug delivery and fluid extraction. It should be noted that although polymeric microneedles can achieve efficient transdermal delivery of drugs, their wide applications were limited by their unsatisfactory transdermal therapeutic efficiency. Delivery of nanomedicines that incorporate drugs into functional nanoparticles/capsules can address this problem and thus may be an interesting direction in the future.

Recent advances in the design of polymeric microneedles for transdermal drug delivery and biosensing

A bioinspired glucose-responsive insulin delivery system for self-regulation of blood glucose levels is desirable for improving health and quality of life outcomes for patients with type 1 and advanced type 2 diabetes Here we describe a painless core–shell microneedle array patch consisting of degradable cross-linked gel for smart insulin delivery with rapid responsiveness and excellent biocompatibility This gel-based device can partially dissociate and subsequently release insulin when triggered by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generated during the oxidation of glucose by a glucose-specific enzyme covalently attached inside the gel Importantly, the H2O2-responsive microneedles are coated with a thin-layer embedding H2O2-scavenging enzyme, thus mimicking the complementary function of enzymes in peroxisomes to protect normal tissues from injury caused by oxidative stress Utilizing a chemically induced type 1 diabetic mouse model, we demonstrated that this smart insulin patch with a bioresponsive core and pr

https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/zp38wk339

Core–Shell Microneedle Gel for Self-Regulated Insulin Delivery

Biocompatible and bioresponsive microneedles (MNs) are emerging technology platforms for sustained drug release with a potential to be a key player in transdermal delivery of therapeutics. In this paper, an innovative biodegradable MNs patch for the sustained delivery of drugs using a polymer patch, which can adjust delivery rates based on its crosslinking degree, is reported. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) is used as the base for engineering biodegradable MNs. The anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) is loaded into GelMA MNs using the one molding step. The GelMA MNs can efficiently penetrate the stratum corneum layer of a mouse cadaver skin. Mechanical properties and drug release behavior of the GelMA MNs can be adjusted by tuning the degree of crosslinking. The efficacy of the DOX released from the GelMA MNs is tested and the anticancer efficacy of the released drugs against melanoma cell line A375 is demonstrated. Since GelMA is a versatile material in engineering tissue scaffolds, it is expected that the GelMA MNs can be used as a platform for the delivery of various therapeutics.

Biodegradable Gelatin Methacryloyl Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery.

Polymer microneedles (MNs) have gained increasing attention as a minimally invasive method for efficiently delivering drugs and vaccines in a patient-friendly manner. Herein, an easy and mild process with O2 plasma treatment was used to fabricate polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) MN patches, and efficient, sustained transdermal delivery was achieved. The diffusion rate of the entrained molecules could be controlled by adjusting the ratio of PVP–PVA. Optical coherence tomography was used to monitor the in vitro penetration in real time and to measure the penetration depth. Rhodamine 6G and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA-FITC) were used to explore the potential for using partially dissolving MNs as a transdermal delivery device. Confocal microscopy images revealed that the model drug can gradually diffuse from the puncture sites to a deeper depth. The drug-release profile also demonstrated that the PVP–PVA MNs can provide a successful and sustained release and that the transdermal delivery rate was regulated by the PVP–PVA ratio. Furthermore, the two-stage processing strategy developed in this study provides a simple and easy method for localizing the drug in the needle. The partially dissolving MNs developed in this study may serve as a promising device for controlled drug release and for biological storage applications.

Fabrication of a novel partially dissolving polymer microneedle patch for transdermal drug delivery

Bimetal-doped core-shell carbon derived from nickel-cobalt dual-ligand metal-organic framework for adjustable strong microwave absorption.

Surgery is the mainstream treatment for melanoma. However, inappropriate post-surgical treatment could result in the tumor recurrence and sever tissue damage, which ultimately leads to the failure of therapy and significantly compromises the therapeutic outcome of surgery. Herein, taking advantages of the co-axial electrospinning technology, we construct a dual-function nanofibrous wound dressing for the post-surgical treatment of melanoma. Si-Ca-P-based mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) was prepared by the template-sol-gel process, with the compositions being set as 60 SiO2: 36 CaO: 4 P2O5 in mol%. Through rational design, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-loaded MBG nanoparticles (MBG-U) are successfully incorporated into the fiber core with biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as the cladding layer to form the core-shell nanofibers (MBG-U CSF), which achieves sustained releases of chemotherapeutic drug (i.e.,5-FU) and wound healing promotion function. Thereafter, the post-surgical melanoma model was established to evaluate the in-situ anti-cancer and wound healing effect of MBG-U CSF. Thereafter, the post-surgical melanoma model was established to evaluate the anti-cancer and wound healing effect. The results demonstrated that the core-shell nanofibrous dressing almost complete suppressed tumor growth, and simultaneously promoted skin regeneration, which provides a promising strategy for the post-surgical treatment for melanoma. 

Fibrous dressing containing bioactive glass with combined chemotherapy and wound healing promotion for post-surgical treatment of melanoma.

Ag2S Quantum Dots for Use in Whole-Cell Biohybrid Catalyst for Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Organic Pollutant Degradation

• Molecular chiral mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MC-MSN) were prepared. • MC-MSN had effective molecular recognition function due to its chirality. • MC-MSN can molecularly recognize levorotary drug. Among massive study of mesoporous silica nanoparticles, molecular chiral mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MC-MSN) enjoy great interests recently as it may exert special functions in chiral environment. To elucidate its potential abilities as drug carriers, the present work focused on its prominent advantage of chiral recognition in adsorbing and delivering drug molecules, which mainly covered molecular recognition of racemic drugs and chiral delivery of achiral drug by triggering chiral responses in biological environment. The result turned out that the loading capacity of L-alanine was 1.56-fold higher than that of DL-alanine, reminding that MC-MSN had effective molecular recognition function due to its chirality. Furthermore, the peak area ratio of levorotary ofloxacin/dextral ofloxacin from loaded ofloxacin was obviously higher than ofloxacin, confirming that MC-MSN can molecularly recognize levorotary drug. After loading poorly water-soluble drug indometacin (IMC) into MC-MSN, the carrier delivered IMC with improved anti-inflammation effect based on its chiral recognition effect. 

Contribution of molecular chiral mesoporous silica nanoparticles in delivering drugs with chiral recognition ability

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