Thereisgrowinginterestinthepossiblehealththreatposedbyendocrine-disruptingchemicals (EDCs), which are substances in our environment, food, and consumer products that interfere with hormone biosynthesis, metabolism, or action resulting in a deviation from normal homeostatic control or reproduction. In this first Scientific Statement of The Endocrine Society, we present the evidence that endocrine disruptors have effects on male and female reproduction, breast development and cancer, prostate cancer, neuroendocrinology, thyroid, metabolism and obesity, and cardiovascular endocrinology. Results from animal models, human clinical observations, and epidemiological studies converge to implicate EDCs as a significant concern to public health. The mechanisms of EDCs involve divergent pathways including (but not limited to) estrogenic, antiandrogenic, thyroid, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor , retinoid, and actions through other nuclear receptors; steroidogenic enzymes; neurotransmitter receptors and systems; and many other pathways that are highly conserved in wildlife and humans, and which can be modeled in laboratory in vitro and in vivo models. Furthermore, EDCs represent a broad class of molecules such as organochlorinated pesticides and industrial chemicals, plastics and plasticizers, fuels, and many other chemicals that are present in the environment or are in widespread use. We make a number of recommendations to increase understanding of effects of EDCs, including enhancing increased basic and clinical research, invoking the precautionary principle, and advocating involvement of individual and scientific society stakeholders in communicating and implementing changes in public policy and awareness. (Endocrine Reviews 30: 293–342, 2009)

/pdf/endocrine-disrupting-chemicals-an-endocrine-society-3fgbtp8gql.pdf

Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement

The Endocrine Society's first Scientific Statement in 2009 provided a wake-up call to the scientific community about how environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) affect health and disease. Five years later, a substantially larger body of literature has solidified our understanding of plausible mechanisms underlying EDC actions and how exposures in animals and humans-especially during development-may lay the foundations for disease later in life. At this point in history, we have much stronger knowledge about how EDCs alter gene-environment interactions via physiological, cellular, molecular, and epigenetic changes, thereby producing effects in exposed individuals as well as their descendants. Causal links between exposure and manifestation of disease are substantiated by experimental animal models and are consistent with correlative epidemiological data in humans. There are several caveats because differences in how experimental animal work is conducted can lead to difficulties in drawing broad conclusions, and we must continue to be cautious about inferring causality in humans. In this second Scientific Statement, we reviewed the literature on a subset of topics for which the translational evidence is strongest: 1) obesity and diabetes; 2) female reproduction; 3) male reproduction; 4) hormone-sensitive cancers in females; 5) prostate; 6) thyroid; and 7) neurodevelopment and neuroendocrine systems. Our inclusion criteria for studies were those conducted predominantly in the past 5 years deemed to be of high quality based on appropriate negative and positive control groups or populations, adequate sample size and experimental design, and mammalian animal studies with exposure levels in a range that was relevant to humans. We also focused on studies using the developmental origins of health and disease model. No report was excluded based on a positive or negative effect of the EDC exposure. The bulk of the results across the board strengthen the evidence for endocrine health-related actions of EDCs. Based on this much more complete understanding of the endocrine principles by which EDCs act, including nonmonotonic dose-responses, low-dose effects, and developmental vulnerability, these findings can be much better translated to human health. Armed with this information, researchers, physicians, and other healthcare providers can guide regulators and policymakers as they make responsible decisions.

/pdf/edc-2-the-endocrine-society-s-second-scientific-statement-on-4hbb1iz0o3.pdf

EDC-2: The Endocrine Society's Second Scientific Statement on Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals

https://uroweb.org/wp-content/uploads/Jungwirth-A-et-al-Eur-Urol-2012-622342-EAU-Guidelines-on-Male-Infertility-the-2012-update.pdf

European Association of Urology Guidelines on Male Infertility: The 2012 Update

The plasticizer market: an assessment of traditional plasticizers and research trends to meet new challenges

Molecular, clinical, and environmental toxicolog , Molecular, clinical, and environmental toxicolog , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز

Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology

Some pesticides and synthetic chemicals are known to act as hormonal modulators, often possessing oestrogenic activity (xenooestrogens). They are persistent and accumulate in fatty tissue. Aim of our study is to address the question, whether a selection of such compounds is to be found in the fatty tissue of children undergoing surgical procedures and whether there are differences in values obtained from patients with or without undescended testes. Fat samples of 48 patients, 18 of whom had undescended testes, were examined by high-resolution gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for DDT and metabolites, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), toxaphenes, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), chlorinated cyclodienes and chlorinated benzenes. We were able to find accumulation of all substances in every patient. Statistical analysis revealed a highly significant difference between patients from the control group and those from the undescended testes group for two compounds, namely heptachloroepoxide (HCE) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), increased values being found in the patients with undescended testes. Since the aetiology of this entity is unknown in most of the cases, prenatal exposure to exogenous oestrogens is an attractive and plausible hypothesis. In order to confirm this, some questions will have to be answered in further studies: effect of exposure to xenooestrogens during a specific period of development, probable role of other substances with proven or suspected hormonal activity, potential synergism of such compounds and differences in individual susceptibility.

Is there a correlation between organochlorine compounds and undescended testes

Fragestellung: Wie haben sich die Konzentrationen der Chlorkohlenwasserstoffe (CKW) im Fettgewebe von Kindern wahrend der letzten 14 Jahre verhalten? Sind noch andere als die bisher bekannten Schadstoffe im Fett abgelagert? Methode: In Fettgewebsproben von 1267 Sauglingen, Kindern und Adoleszenten aus West- und Ostdeutschland sowie aus Saratow, Rusland, wurden die Konzentrationen der CKW mittels Gaschromatographie bzw. Massenspektrometrie quantitativ bestimmt und auf den Fettgehalt bezogen angegeben (µg/kg Fett=ppb). Ergebnisse: Die Konzentrationen der bisher bekannten CKW sind wahrend der letzten Jahre alle stark zuruckgegangen. Es wurden aber auch bisher unbekannte CKW im Fettgewebe entdeckt, namlich 2 Toxaphene (Parlar 26 und 50) in geringer Menge. Schlusfolgerung: Zwar ist die Belastung unserer Kinder mit den bisher bekannten CKW wahrend der letzten Jahre deutlich zuruckgegangen, doch fuhrten empfindlichere Nachweismethoden zum Nachweis bisher unbekannter potentieller Schadstoffe im Fettgewebe, so das eine vollige Entwarnung z.Z. noch nicht gerechtfertigt ist.

Altbekannte Schadstoffe und neuentdeckte Toxaphene im Fettgewebe von Kindern

Polyvinylchloride infusion lines expose infants to large amounts of toxic plasticizers

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Is there a correlation between organochlorine compounds and undescended testes

Altbekannte Schadstoffe und neuentdeckte Toxaphene im Fettgewebe von Kindern

Polyvinylchloride infusion lines expose infants to large amounts of toxic plasticizers