A marine alga Caulerpa racemosa was tested for its anticorrosion potential against mild steel in 1 M HCl solution by weight loss and electrochemical methods such as potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies at various temperatures viz., 303, 313, and 323 K. The results showed that inhibition efficiency increased with increase of extract concentration and decreased with increase of temperature. The adsorption of the molecules of the extract on the mild steel surface was in accordance with the Temkin adsorption isotherm. Polarization studies showed that the extract inhibits mild steel corrosion through mixed mode and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results confirm the adsorption of the extract at mild steel/acid interface. The major phytoconstituent caulerpin, a bis-indole alkaloid isolated and characterized using UV, IR and NMR spectroscopic studies, was tested for anticorrosion activity using polarization, impedance, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) stu...

Caulerpin—A bis-Indole Alkaloid As a Green Inhibitor for the Corrosion of Mild Steel in 1 M HCl Solution from the Marine Alga Caulerpa racemosa

Spirulina platensis – A novel green inhibitor for acid corrosion of mild steel

Electrochemical and surface analysis studies of 2-(quinolin-2-yl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one as corrosion inhibitor for Q235 steel in hydrochloric acid

Tetrahydroacridines as corrosion inhibitor for X80 steel corrosion in simulated acidic oilfield water

A DFT study on the structure–reactivity relationship of aliphatic oxime derivatives as copper chelating agents and malachite flotation collectors

The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid by a few piperidin-4-one oxime derivatives, namely, 1,3-dimethyl-2,6-diphenyl piperidin-4-one oxime (I), 3,3-dimethyl-2,6-diphenyl piperidin-4-one oxime (II), and 3-isopropyl-2,6-diphenyl piperidin-4-one oxime (III) was studied using chemical weight loss method, electrochemical polarization and impedance spectroscopy, SEM with EDS, XRD, FT-IR measurements, and semi-empirical AM1 method for electronic properties. The weight loss measurements at four different temperatures such as 30, 40, 50, and 60 °C showed that the percentage inhibition efficiency (IE) of these compounds increased with increase of concentration and decreased with increase of temperature. The IE followed the order III < II < I. It was found that these inhibitors function through physical adsorption mechanism obeying Temkin’s isotherm. Polarization studies showed that these compounds act as mixed-type inhibitors. Impedance measurements revealed the increase of charge transfer resistance with inhibitor concentration. Surface analysis using SEM, XRD, and FT-IR revealed the formation of protective film over the mild steel surface. The electronic properties calculated using AM1 semi-empirical method explained the inhibition characteristics. The quantum chemical studies showed that ring nitrogen and phenyl rings are the probable active centers to inhibit corrosion process.

Studies on a Few Substituted Piperidin-4-one Oximes as Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in HCl

Microplastics (MPs) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of the five fish species from the Kollidam and Vellar rivers of Tamil Nadu, Southern India were evaluated. A total of 315 MPs were isolated from GI tracts of 23 fishes (Chanos chanos, Chanda nama, Chelon macrolepis, Carangoides malabaricus and Gerrus filamentosus) sampled from both rivers. MPs ranged from 109 to 129 μm (119 ± 79.7) and 181 to 284 μm (122 ± 92.6) in size, with fibres (85.7%) and fragments (14.3%) being the most common ones in the fishes from Kollidam and Vellar river, respectively. The colour pattern of ingested MPs was dominated by blue, transparent, red, yellow and black in collected fishes from both rivers. In this study, MPs were higher in fishes with omnivore feeding habits due to their broad diet habits. Moreover, urban wastes, fishing and agricultural activities are the possible primary sources of MPs in both rivers. 

/pdf/occurrence-of-microplastics-in-the-gastrointestinal-tracts-3q3dnwlq.pdf

Occurrence of Microplastics in the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Edible Fishes from South Indian Rivers

Urbanization is a major threat to biodiversity and food security, as expanding cities, especially in the Global South, increasingly compete with natural and agricultural lands. However, the impact of urban expansion on agricultural biodiversity in tropical regions is overlooked. Here we assessed how urbanization affects the functional response of farmland bees, the most important pollinators for crop production. We sampled bees across three seasons in 36 conventional vegetable-producing farms spread along an urbanization gradient in Bengaluru, an Indian megacity. We investigated how landscape and local environmental drivers affected different functional traits (sociality, nesting behaviour, body size and specialization) and functional diversity (functional dispersion) of bee communities. We found that the functional responses to urbanization were trait specific with more positive than negative effects of grey area (sealed surfaces and buildings) on species richness, functional diversity and abundance of most functional groups. As expected, larger, solitary, cavity-nesting, and surprisingly, specialist bees benefitted from urbanization. In contrast to temperate cities, the abundance of ground-nesters increased in urban areas, presumably because larger patches of bare soil were still available besides roads and buildings. However, overall bee abundance and the abundance of social bees (85% of all bees) decreased with urbanization, threatening crop pollination. Crop diversity promoted taxonomic and functional diversity of bee communities. Locally, flower resources promoted the abundance of all functional groups, and natural vegetation could maintain diverse pollinator communities throughout the year, especially during the non-cropping season. However, exotic plants decreased functional diversity and bee specialization. To safeguard bees and their pollination services in urban farms, we recommend (1) to preserve semi-natural vegetation (hedges) around cropping fields to provide nesting opportunities for above-ground nesters, (2) to promote farm-level crop diversification of beneficial crops (e.g., pulses, vegetables and spices), (3) to maintain native natural vegetation along field-margins, (4) to control and remove invasive exotic plants that disrupt native plant-pollinator interactions. Overall, our results suggest that urban agriculture can maintain functionally diverse bee communities and, if managed in a sustainable manner, can be used to develop win-win solutions for biodiversity conservation of pollinators and food security in and around cities.

Functional diversity of farmland bees across rural-urban landscapes in a tropical megacity.

Three piperidin-4-one oxime derivatives viz. 3,5-dimethyl-2,6-diphenyl-piperidin-4-one oxime (DDPO), 3-ethyl-2,6-diphenyl-piperidin-4-one oxime (EDPO), and 1-methyl-3-isopropyl-2, 6-diphenyl-piperidin-4-one oxime (MIDPO) were synthesized. Corrosion inhibiting ability of these compounds in 1 M HCl was studied using weight loss study, potentiodynamic polarization measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, XRD and SEM with EDS measurements. Weight loss studies revealed that all the three oximes are good corrosion inhibitors. The order of inhibiting ability of these compounds is as follows: DDPO > EDPO > MINDO. Results of the polarization measurement showed that these inhibitors do not alter the mechanism of either hydrogen evolution or mild steel dissolution reaction, proving the mixed mode of inhibition. At constant acid concentration, increase of inhibitor concentration increased the charge transfer resistance (Rct), complimented with decrease of double layer capacitance (Cdl), thereby indicating the increase of percentage inhibition efficiency. XRD and SEM with EDS analysis provided strong proof for the existence of inhibitor film over the mild steel surface.

Corrosion inhibitory effect of few piperidin-4-one oximes on mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium

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Studies on a Few Substituted Piperidin-4-one Oximes as Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in HCl

Occurrence of Microplastics in the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Edible Fishes from South Indian Rivers

Functional diversity of farmland bees across rural-urban landscapes in a tropical megacity.

Corrosion inhibitory effect of few piperidin-4-one oximes on mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium