Differences between longitudinal and transverse two-proton correlation functions, consistent with finite lifetime effects, are observed for central [sup 36]Ar+[sup 45]Sc collisions at [ital E]/[ital A]=80 MeV. The correlations between two protons emitted with low total momenta are consistent with emission from a source of Gaussian radius [ital r][sub 0][approx]4.7[plus minus]0.3 fm and characteristic lifetime [tau][approx]25[plus minus]15 fm/[ital c].

Observation of Lifetime Effects in Two-Proton Correlations for Well-Characterized Sources

Light particle emission inCl35+Mg24fusion reactions at high excitation energy and angular momentum

$\ensuremath{\alpha}$-Particle evaporation spectra were measured at backward angles in $^{16}\mathrm{O}+\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{94,100}\mathrm{Mo}$ reactions at multiple beam energies. Inverse level-density parameter, $K$, was determined for Cd nuclei of different isospins by simulating high-energy tail of the measured $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle evaporation spectra with statistical model code pace2. An overall increasing behavior of the $K$ value is observed with increasing temperature in the range of 1 to 2.5 MeV. It is observed that in the temperature region below 1.8 MeV, the parameter $K$ is higher for the neutron-rich nuclei by around 1 MeV. Semiclassical calculations were performed which treat single-particle level density of neutron and proton on different footing and this can account for the isospin effects. These calculations reproduce the $K$ values as determined from the statistical model analysis of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle evaporation spectra. Present results clearly demonstrate the isospin dependence of the level-density parameter as conjectured by theoretical works.

Temperature and isospin dependence of the level-density parameter in the A ≈110 mass region

Evaporation residue excitation functions of the reaction {sup 19}F + {sup 93}Nb {r_arrow} {sup 112}Sn{sup {asterisk}}, in the bombarding energy range between 54 and 95 MeV, have been measured using the recoil catcher technique. Energy spectra, angular distributions, and correlations between angular anisotropy and ejectile energy of evaporated protons and alpha particles have been measured for the above system at 73 and 95 MeV bombarding energies. The experimental data are compared with the predictions of the statistical model code PACE2 making use of two different level density formalisms. The level density parameters derived from the proton and alpha spectra are presented. The angular-anisotropy ejectile-energy correlations of the alpha particles show a peak in the variation of the anisotropy with the ejectile energy in the subevaporation barrier range. The sensitivity of the angular-anisotropy ejectile-energy correlations to the statistical model parameters is discussed. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}

Decay of the 112 Sn compound nucleus: Excitation functions of evaporation residues, energy spectra, and angular distributions of evaporated protons and alphas

Evaporation residues (ER) of $Z=34--42$ were measured in coincidence with emitted protons, deuterons, tritons, and \ensuremath{\alpha} particles for the reaction ${}^{84}\mathrm{Kr}{+}^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ at a ${}^{84}\mathrm{Kr}$ bombarding energy of 1260 MeV. Our study demonstrates the presence of a strong preequilibrium component in the reaction yield. The assumption of a forward center-of-mass angular distribution for the emission of energetic protons and \ensuremath{\alpha}, following full momentum transfer, gives the best description of the observed experimental data. This description differs substantially from the one provided by prevailing models of incomplete fusion.

Preequilibrium emission observed in the correlation between light particles and evaporation residues for the 84 Kr + 27 Al system

Evaporation residues (ER) of {ital Z}=34{endash}43 are measured in singles and in coincidence with emitted protons, deuterons, tritons, and alpha particles. Measurements are done with a large detector array that covers the scattering angles from 2.5{degree} to 25{degree}. The energy centroids of the coincidence spectra of the protons are reasonably well described by statistical model calculations assuming complete fusion, although those for the deuterons and tritons are not. The {alpha}-particle spectra are significantly different than the calculated ones. The slopes of the high energy spectra of the protons required a level density parameter {ital a}{approx_gt}{ital A}/12. Comparisons between the experimental ER singles spectra and complete fusion calculations show small deviations that can be explained by incomplete fusion however, when analyzed in coincidence with light particles a very good description with complete fusion is found especially if the emission of intermediate mass fragments is included in the calculations. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}

Light particle-evaporation residue coincidences for the 79Br+27Al system at 11.8 MeV/nucleon.

Exclusive {ital p}-{ital p} correlations from the {sup 58}Ni+{sup 58}Ni reaction at 850 MeV incident energy have been measured. The enhancement in the {ital p}-{ital p} correlation function observed for small values of {Delta}{ital p} with a gate on {ital v}{sub rel} is satisfactorily explained by stochastic proton emission followed by the {ital p}-{ital p} final-state interaction. A strong dependence of the {ital p}-{ital p} correlation function on the relative angle between the two-proton c.m. and the fragment velocities has been found. Also a dependence of the {ital p}-{ital p} correlation function on the {Delta}{bold p} orientation with respect to the plane defined by the two-proton c.m. and the fragment velocities has been observed. This latter behavior has been attributed to angular momentum effects.

Exclusive p-p correlations from the 58Ni+58Ni reaction at

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Light particle-evaporation residue coincidences for the 79Br+27Al system at 11.8 MeV/nucleon.

Exclusive p-p correlations from the 58Ni+58Ni reaction at