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The Vegetation of Wisconsin: An Ordination of Plant Communities.

The Convention on biological diversity is an historic committment by the world's nations to conserve biological diversity, to use biological resources sustainably and to share equitably the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. It is the first global legal instrument to comprehensivly address all aspects of biological diversity. The guide illustrates the scientific, technical and legal issues which the Convention raises. Designed as a reference document, the guide's table of contents, pagination, index and commentary cross-references give the reader easy access to the book's comprehensive rendering of what could be involved in fulfilling the obligations of the Convention. There is also a detailed bibliography. The introduction provides a concise general overview of the Convention's character, its origin and history and major issues covered. The Convention's provisions are then explained article by article, 23 boxes include background information on such topics as the importance of biological diversity; national biodivesity strategies; biotechnology; environmental impact assessment; technology transfer; and intellectual property rights. It suggests options for implementing the Convention, in many instances drawing on existing environmental policy documents and action plans including the World Conservation Strategy, Caring for the earth, the Global Biodiversity Strategy and Agenda 21. Written in an objective, easily understandable and accessible style, the guide is indipensable reading for anyone desiring information on the Convention on biological diversity and possible steps for its implementation.

A guide to the Convention on Biological Diversity (Arabic version)

The tiger beetle fauna of the Maghreb region is one of the richest in the Palaearctic, including 22 species and 5 subspecies and 19% of all Palaearctic species of Cicindelinae. Assembled to their chorotypes, the Maghreb tiger beetles fall into eight different groups that include Maghreb endemics (26% of fauna), Mediterranean (7%), West Mediterranean (40%), North African (4%), Mediterranean-Westturanian (4%), West Palaearctic (4%), Afrotropico-Indo-Mediterranean (4%), and Saharian (11%) species. The Mediterranean Sclerophyl and Atlas Steppe are the Maghreb biogeographical provinces with the highest species richness, while the Sahara Desert has the lowest Cicindelinae diversity. Twenty-five cicindelid species and subspecies (93% of Maghreb fauna) are restricted to only one or two habitat types in lowland areas. Only Calomera littoralis littoralis and Lophyra flexuosa flexuosa are recognized as eurytopic species and occur in three types of habitat. The highest tiger beetle diversity characterizes salt marshes and river banks (in both cases 11 species and subspecies or 41% of Maghreb fauna). Approximately 85% of all Maghreb tiger beetle species and subspecies are found in habitats potentially endangered by human activity.

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The Maghreb – one more important biodiversity hot spot for tiger beetle fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae) in the Mediterranean region

Assessing the potential role of coleoptera (Insecta) as Bioindicators in simbalbara Wildlife Sanctuary, Himachal Pradesh

Interpreting data on distribution or population trends may be difficult unless detection probability is accounted for. We wished to determine the detectability of the rare and patchily distributed cobblestone tiger beetle (Cicindela marginipennis) along the upper Genesee River in western New York for development of a monitoring strategy. We used occupancy surveys and distance sampling to examine two types of detectability. The first type was site-level detectability: the probability of detecting a single cobblestone tiger beetle on an occupied cobble bar, calculated using program PRESENCE. The second type was individual-level detectability: the probability of detecting an individual cobblestone tiger beetle in a population on a single cobble bar, calculated using program DISTANCE. Our occupancy surveys consisted of collecting presence and absence data on cobble bars along the Genesee River; these showed a relatively narrow range of site-level detection probabilities (0.60–0.68) for cobblestone tiger beetles in 2008 and 2009. Three visits were necessary to detect cobblestone tiger beetles on 90% of occupied cobble bars. Individual cobblestone tiger beetles were detectable one-half of the time (0.50) in our surveys. It is important for ecologists to distinguish between the two kinds of detectability, as monitoring implications could differ substantially depending on which is calculated. Our monitoring recommendations include (1) continuing occupancy surveys with at least three visits to each cobble bar; (2) conducting occupancy surveys between 10:00 and 17:00 on warm sunny days in mid-July and mid-August; and (3) conducting surveys at three- to five-year intervals depending on the study objective.

Assessing detectability for monitoring of rare species: a case study of the cobblestone tiger beetle ( Cicindela marginipennis Dejean)

The purpose of the paper is (a) to describe the distribution pattern of tiger beetles in Shorea robusta dominated forest ecosystems at landscape level of north western Shivalik Himalaya in environmental space and (b) to evaluate the nature of microhabitat association amongst recorded species of tiger beetles. Twenty-five species of tiger beetles belonging to ten genera were recorded from six protected areas in the tropical dry deciduous Shivalik region with an altitudinal gradient of 350–1,400 m above mean sea level in north western India. Sampling for tiger beetles was carried out using strategically designed sample plot in ten distinct habitat types with five collection methods employed. Species composition of tiger beetles varied significantly between microhabitat types of the protected areas (Shannon H′ = 0.436–1.069) and habitat specialists were found in only few of habitats. Bray–Curtis cluster analysis clustered the ten habitats into five cluster groups based upon the species composition with Shorea robusta most distinct from agricultural habitats. Riverine area was found to be the most diverse (with 18 or 72% of total species) as well as abundant (457 ± 33.61 SE individuals recorded per sample plot). Khair, Syzygium and pine forests were least rich and had only three species each. Two species J. crassipalpis and M. melancholica were found only in riverine habitat. Though late summer to mid-monsoon was found most favorable for tiger beetles, only one species, C. chloris was persistently found even during modest winter months. Bulla’s diversity index showed that habitat breadth of species ranged from 0.00 to 6.66, an indicative of their habitat restrictiveness. Indicator species analysis revealed as many as 14 species indicative of particular habitat conditions. Descriptions of some important ecological and behavioral aspects are included for these species. The observed C-score (299.43330) showed that there is less co-occurrence among species pairs alongwith lower niche overlap (Pianka’s index = 0.14191) thereby illustrating ample resource partitioning at microhabitat level. Further, co-occurrence index among guilds (C-score = 213.16250 with variance 1,949.76300) was found to be smaller than expected, revealing that feeding guilds are differing significantly from one another in their levels of co-occurrence. Canonical correspondence analysis identified canopy cover, litter and average tree density as the most important habitat variable defining the distribution of tiger beetles in environmental space. Such assemblage patterns among species of tiger beetle would thus provide a solid basis to interpret changes in microclimatic conditions, caused by humans directly or through long term climate change and would thus help establishing a baseline in long term monitoring of these forest ecosystems.

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Distinctive patterns in habitat association and distribution of tiger beetles in the Shivalik landscape of north western India.

Bird Records from Simbalbara Wildlife Sanctuary, Himachal Pradesh

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Distinctive patterns in habitat association and distribution of tiger beetles in the Shivalik landscape of north western India.

Bird Records from Simbalbara Wildlife Sanctuary, Himachal Pradesh